| A | B |
|---|
| spontaneous generation | the belief that something non-living could turn into something living... MAGICAL! |
| controlled variables | the variables that need to stay the same |
| manipulated veriable | the variable that you change in order to measure something |
| responding variable | the variable that you measure |
| nucleus | the control center of the cell |
| organelles | the components of the cell |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | has ribosomes on it and it transports stuff |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | does not have ribosomes on it and it transports stuff |
| golgi apparatus | looks like intestines and packages waste and proteins |
| lisosomes | like the "hospital" of the cell |
| cytoplasm | the gel-like substance that all of the organelles "float" in |
| cell wall | provides structure for the plant |
| cell membrane | controls the movement of water, nutrients, etc in and out of the cell |
| vacuole | stores water and waste |
| chloroplast | where photosynthesis takes place |
| chlorophyll | is found inside chloroplasts |
| cohesion | water molecules are attracted to one another |
| adhesion | water "sticks" to the insides of the xylem tubes |
| transpiration pull | water leaves the leaves (ha!) through transpiration. Water naturally wants to fill those empty spaces with more water. |
| mitochondrion | where energy is made/the site of cellular respiration |
| carbon dioxide + water = oxygen + glucose | photosynthesis |
| oxygen + glucose = water + carbon dioxide | cellular respiration |
| xylem | moves water and minerals from the roots to the leaves |
| phloem | living cells transport sugars, starches and other food down to the stem and leaves |
| endocytosis | when molecules outside of the cell are absorbed into the cell |
| exocytosis | when molecules are in the cell and then transported outside of the cell |
| hypertonic | when their is a higher concentration outside of the cell |
| hypotonic | when their is a higher concentration inside the cell |
| isotonic | when the concentrations inside and outside of the cell are equal |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a membrane |
| diffusion | when molecules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
| cuticle | waxy substance that protects the plant |
| dermal tissue/epidermis | the outer layer of cells on a plant (for example, the bark on a tree) |
| desalination | removing salt from sea water |
| reverse osmosis | requires water to be pumped against its concentration gradient |
| peritoneal dialysis | a type of dialysis that uses a catheter tube and allows the person to function whilst it happens |
| hemodialysis | blood is removed completely from the body, cleaned by a machine and then returned to the body. More complicated. |
| organs | a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
| tissues | a group of similar cells that perform a specific function |
| systems | a set of interconnected parts. It can be open, closed or isolated. |
| ground tissue | parts of the plant body not included in the dermal or vacular tissue systems; function in storage, photosynthesis and support |
| vascular tissue | transport tissue formed in cells joined into tubes that carry water and nutrients through the body of the plant |
| meristem | growth region of the plant with tissue in which cells divide by mitosis |
| pallisade tissue cell | column-shaped mesophyll cells in a plant leaf; responsible for photosynthesis |
| transpiration | loss of water from leaves (stomata) through evaporation |
| guard cell | specialized epidermal cell that swells and contracts to control gas exchange through a stoma in a leaf |
| turgor pressure | pressure exerted against a cell wall by the water that has entered the cell through osmosis |
| root pressure | upward force exerted on water in the xylem in the roots of some plants |
| lenticel | a raised spongy region in the stem of a woody plant that allows gas exchange between the atmosphere and the interior of a plant |
| surface area to volume ratio | 6 divided by the side length = ? |
| auxin | the type of plant hormone that promoes cell growth |
| phospholipid bilayer fluid mosaic model | the idea that there are two layers of lipids in the cell membrane and materials can pass through it because there are fluids |
