| A | B |
|---|
| Gilded Age | Time period in American history between 1870-1890, marked by political corruption and extravagant spending |
| political boss | powerful politician who controls work done locally and demands payoffs from business |
| Civil Service Exam | test taken for federal jobs. The jobs are awarded to those who score the highest. |
| referendum | process by which people vote directly on a bill |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | a 1906 law that requires food and drug makers to list ingredients on packages. |
| Push Factor | condition that drives people from their homeland |
| Wisconsin idea | series of progressive reforms introduced in the early 1900’s by Wisconsin Governor Robert La Follette |
| graduated income tax | tax on earnings that charges different rates for different income levels. |
| ICC | interstate commerce commission. Government agency organized to oversee railroad commerce |
| recall | process by which voters can remove an elected official from office |
| 16th Amendment | the Income Tax |
| Pull Factor | condition that attracts people to move to a new area |
| Spoils System | practice of rewarding supporters for government jobs |
| trustbuster | person who wanted to break up trusts |
| temperance | campaign against alcohol consumption |
| Hull House | settlement house founded by Progressive reformer Jane Adams in Chicago in 1889. |
| 17th Amendment | Direct Election of Senators |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States |
| primary | election which voters choose their party’s candidate for the general election |
| initiative | process by which voters can put a bill directly before the state legislature |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| Ellis Island | place in NYC where new immigrants were “processed” before they could enter America |
| 18th amendment | prohibition of alcoholic beverages |
| Acculturation | process of holding on to older traditions while adapting to a new culture |
| public interest | the good of the people |
| conservation | protection of natural resources |
| muckrakers | journalist who exposed corruption and other problems at the turn of the century. |
| Bull Moose Party | Progressive Republicans who supported Theodore Roosevelt during the election of 1912 |
| 19th amendment | Women’s suffrage |
| Prejudice | an unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand orwithout knowledge, thought, or reason. |
