| A | B |
|---|
| chivalry | knights' code of honor |
| feudalism | exchange of services for land |
| fief | land given to a vassal |
| guild | artisan association |
| knight | warrior; exchanged services for land |
| lay investiture | kings appoint Church officials |
| Magna Carta | "Great Charter"; signed by King John |
| serf | peasant; virtual prisoner of the land |
| vassal | knight or noble who has taken an oath of loyalty to a noble |
| William the Conqueror | Norman noble who conquered England |
| Henry II | English king; established common law |
| King John | Enligh king forced to sign the Magna Carta |
| Ferdinand & Isabella | rulers of Spain; expelled Jews and Muslims |
| St. Benedict | founder of monasticism |
| manor | agricultural estate that a lord ran and peasants worked |
| William the Conqueror | Invaded England in 1066, crowned king of England |
| common law | English law that was common to whole kingdom |
| guilds | business associations. By 1200's there were guilds for almost every craft. |
| apprentice | a person who wanted to learn a trade first became an ______. |
| heresy | denial of basic Church teachings |
