| A | B |
|---|
| erosion | The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil. |
| sediment | Small, solid pieces of material that comes from rocks or the remains of organisms; earth materials deposited by erosion. |
| deposition | Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations. |
| gravity | The attractive force between objects; the force that moves objects downhill. |
| mass movement | Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill. |
| runoff | Water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground. |
| rill | A tiny groove in soil made by flowing water. |
| gully | A large channel in soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm. |
| stream | A channel through which water is continually flowing downhill. |
| tributary | A stream or river that flows into a larger river. |
| flood plain | The flat, wide area of land along a river. |
| meander | A looplike bend in the course of a river. |
| oxbow lake | A meander cut off from a river. |
| delta | A landform made of sediment is laid down in new locations. |
| alluvial fan | A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range. |
| groundwater | Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers. |
| stalactite | An icicle-like structure that hangs from the ceiling of a cavern. |
| stalagmite | A columnlike form that grows upward from the floor of a cavern. |
| karst topography | A region in which a layer of limestone close to the surface creates deep valleys, caverns, and sinkholes. |
| glacier | Any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land. |
| continental glacier | A glacier that covers much of a continent or large island. |
| ice age | Time in Earth's history during which glaciers covered large parts of the surface. |
| valley glacier | A long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up in a mountain valley. |
| plucking | The process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over the land. |
| till | The sediments deposited directly by a glacier. |
| moraine | A ridge formed by the till deposited at the edge of a glacier. |
| kettle | A small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacial till. |
| headland | A part of the shore that sticks out into the ocean. |
| beach | Wave-washed sediment along a coast. |
| longshore drift | The movement of sediment along a beach. |
| spit | A beach formed by longshore drift that projects like a finger out into the water. |
| deflation | The process by which wind removes surface materials. |
| sand dune | A deposit of wind-blown sand. |
| loess | A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt. |
