| A | B |
|---|
| Lytic Cycle | A hpage repriductive cycle the results in the death of the houst cell |
| Virulent Virus/Phage | A virus/phage the only reproduces by the lytic cycle |
| Lysogenic Cycle | Replication of the phage genome without destroying the host cell |
| Temperate Virus/Phage | Virus/Phage capable of undergoing both modes of reproduction within a bacterium |
| Prophage | Viral DNA that is incorporated via crossing over into the bacterial Chromosome |
| Provirus | Intergrated Viral DNA that is inserted to the host genome. |
| Retrovirus | RNA animal viri witht he most complicated reproductive cycles |
| Reverse Transcriptase | An Enzyme that translate an RNA template into DNA, providing an RNA --> DNA information Flow |
| HIV | Human Immunodificiency Virus. The retrovirus that causes AIDS |
| AIDS | Aquired Immunodificiency Syndrome |
| Vaccine | Harmless Variants or deriviatives of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the actual pathogen |
| Viroid | Circular RNA molecule that infect plants. Only a couple hundred nucleotides long. |
| Prion | Infectious Proteins which appear to cause a number of degenerative brain diseases |
| Nucleiod | A dense region of DNAl coiled up, but is not bound by a nuclear membrane. |
| Transformation | change in genotype and phenotype due to the integration of foreign DNA by a cell |
| Transduction | DNA tranfer in which a phage moves bacterial genes from one host cell to another. |
| Conjugation | Direct transfer of genes between two joined prokaryotic cells |
| F Factor | Fertility factor of bacteria that allows for creation of sex pili. |
| Episome | Free genetic element that can be a plasmid or in the bacterial chromosome. |
| F Plasmid | Plasmid form of F Factor |
| R Plasmid | Plasmids that contain antibiotic resistant genes. |
| Transposon Insertion Sequence | sequence that contains a gene to synthesize transposase. |
| Operator | DNA segment that acts as on/off switch for transcription |
| Operon | entire stretch of DNA required for enzyme production. |
| Repressor | Protein that shuts the operon off. |
| Regulatory Gene | Gene that codes for a repressor protein in transcription. |
| Corepressor | A small molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off. |
| Inducer | A specific small molecule that inactivates the repressprin an operon. |
| Capsid | The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more complex in shape |
| Viral envelope | A memebrane tht cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome |
| Bacteriophage (phage) | A virus that infects bacteria |
| Host range | The limited range of of host cells that each type of virus can infect and parasitize |
