| A | B |
|---|
| pedigree | chart that can help trace the phenotypes and genotypes in a family to determine whether people carry recessive alleles. |
| karyotype | image of all of the chromosomes in a cell |
| mutation | change in DNA sequence |
| gene mutation | a change in a nitrogen base that affects a gene |
| chromosomal mutation | a change in a whole chromosome, much bigger affect |
| point mutation | mutation that involves a substitution of only ONE nucleotide |
| frameshift mutation | mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence |
| substitution | replacing one nucleotide (nitrogen base) with another resulting in a point mutation |
| deletion | the removal of a nucleotide (nitrogen base) that results in a frameshift mutation |
| insertion | the addition of a nucleotide (nitrogen base) that results in a frameshift mutation |
| translocation | the exchanging of two parts of a gene/ nucleotide that result in a mutation |
| restriction enzyme | enzyme that cuts DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences |
| gel electrophoresis | method of separating various lengths of DNA strands by applying an electrical current to a gel |
| restriction map | diagram that shows the lengths of fragments between restriction sites in the strand of DNA |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | method for increasing the quantity (amount) of DNA by seperating it into two strands and adding primers and enzymes |
