| A | B |
|---|
| Napoleon Bonaparte | French General turned emperor who tried to conquer all of Europe |
| Napoleonic Code | Napoleon's law code, it is significant as the basis for many European legal systems |
| Congress of Vienna | 1814-1815 meeting of Europe's leaders after Napoleon's defeat, It restored Europe's monarchies. |
| Nation | a group of people who share common characteristics (language, religion, ethnicity etc) |
| State | term for a Government and its political boundaries |
| Nation-State | A state that consists of people mainly from the same nation |
| "Balance of Power" doctrine | idea that Countries should be relatively close in power,in order to maintain peace |
| Conservatism | political theory that relies mainly on past traditions. in the 1800s conservatives would tend to favor monarchies. |
| Liberalism | political philosophy based on making changes that allow more personal freedoms and a larger role in the government. In 1800s, tended to favor parliamentary governments. |
| Revolutions of 1848 | a series of failed revolutions in Europe, that were inspired by nationalism |
| Russia | Country invaded by Napoleon that resulted in the destruction of the French army |
| Battle of Waterloo | site of Napoleon's final defeat in 1815 |
| Nationalism | pride in one's people, land and culture |
| Secular | Separate from the church |
| Voltaire | French philosophe who wrote "Candide" and focused on religious tolerance |
| Johan Sebastian Bach | famous German Baroque composer |
| Amadeus Mozart | Famous Austrian Classical composer |
| Eugene Delacroix | famous painter from the Enlightenment, painted "Liberty leading the People" |
| Miguel Cervantes | wrote "Don Quixote," which is considered to be the first modern european Novel |
| Agricultural revolution | improvements in farming that resulted in increased productivity and decreased the need for farm labor |
| all weather roads | improved transportation and decreased cost of products |
| Novel | new form of literature that developed during Enlgihtenment |
| Romantic | New school of painting that developed during the enlightenment |
| Count Camillo Cavour | Italian leader united Northern Italy |
| Giusseppe Garibaldi | Italian leader united Southern Italy |
| Papal States | Portion of Italy controlle dby the Pope, it was the last to join with united Italy |
| Vatican City | portion of Rome still controlled by the Pope |
| Otto von Bismarck | Prussian leade rwho led the unification of GERMANY |
| REALPOLITIK | Bismarck's belief that one should do whatever it takes to acquire and hold power |
| Franco-Prussian War | War between France and Prussia that resulted in the unification of Germany |
