| A | B |
|---|
| Nutrients | substances in food that provide the raw materials the body needs |
| calorie | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperatures of one gram of water by one degree celcius |
| carbohydrates | nutrients composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen |
| glucose | a sugar that is a major source of energy for the bodies cells |
| fiber | a complete carbohydrate found in plant foods that cannot be broken down into sugar |
| fat | high energy nutrients that are compsed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen with twice as much energy |
| Unsaturated Fat | fats such as olive oil that are usually liquids |
| saturated fat | fats such as butter that are solid at room temp |
| cholesterol | a waxy fat found in animal products that is important part of your body's cells |
| proteins | nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| amino acids | small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules |
| vitamin | molecules that act as helpers in a variety of chemical reactions of the body |
| mineral | nutrients that are needed by the body in small amounts and are not made by living things |
| digestion | the process by which the body breaks down food into nutrients |
| absorption | the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system |
| saliva | the fluid released when the mouth waters. Important part of chemical reaction in digestion |
| enzyme | a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body |
| epiglottis | a flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering |
| esophagus | a muscular tuve that connects the mouth to the stomach |
| mucus | a thick, slippery substance produced by the body |
| peristalsis | involuntary waves of muscle contraction through the digestive system |
| stomach | a shaped, muscular pouch located in the abdomen that expands to all the food that is swallowed |
| mechanical digestion | begins by taking a bite of food then your incisors tearing it apart |
| soluble | small enough to be used by cells |
| incisors | 2 front teeth in your mouth |
| canine | sharp pointy teeth |
| premolars | tear and grind food |
| molars | crush and grind food |
| small intestine | the part of the digestive system in which most chemical digestion takes place |
| liver | the largest and heaviest organ inside the body |
| bile | a substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles |
| gall bladder | the organ that stores bile after it is produced by the liver |
| pancreas | a triangular organ that produces enzymes that flow into the small intestines |
| villi | tiny finger shapes that cover the inner surface of the small intestines |
| large intestine | the last section of the digestive system where water is absorbed by food and the remaining materials are eliminated from the body |
| rectum | a short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated |
| anus | a muscular opening at the end of the rectum though which digestive waste goes through |
