| A | B |
|---|
| regulation of the money supply | Monetary Policy |
| decisions related to the raising and spending money | Fiscal Policy |
| more money available at low interest rates, to help the economy expand | Loose (easy) money policy |
| restricting the availabilty of money for loans, high interest rates, curb inflation | tight money policy |
| Amount of money and liquid assets that Federal Reserve System member banks must hold in cash or on deposit | reserve requirement |
| an interest rate a central bank charges depository institutions that borrow reserves from it. | discount rate |
| A rate which is charged or paid for the use of money | interest rate |
| The buying and selling of government securities in the open market in order to expand or contract the amount of money in the banking system. Purchases inject money into the banking system and stimulate growth while sales of securities do the opposite. | open market operations |
| Spending by the federal, state, and local governments | government spending |
| income | revenue |
| The act or practice of imposing taxes. | taxation |
| is a tax levied on the income of individuals or businesses | personal income tax |
| tax placed on certain goods, aka "sin tax" | excise tax |
| the less you earn the more you are taxed | regressive tax |
| the more you earn the more your taxed | progressive tax |
| everyone pays the same amount of taxes | proportional tax |
| A tax levied by a state or city on the retail price of an item, collected by the retailer. | sales tax |
| the fundamental economic problem of having seemingly unlimited human needs and wants, in a world of limited resources | Scarcity |
| a severe economic downturn in the economy | Depression |
| a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time | inflation |
| a period of economic decline that lasts between 6 months to a year | recession |
| A market condition in which the prices of securities are falling or are expected to fall. | bear market |
| A prolonged period in which investment prices rise faster than their historical average | bull market |
| management and disposal of highly radioactive materials created during production of nuclear power and nuclear warheads. | radioactive waste disposal |
| federal law that governs water pollution | Clean air and water act |
| October 1973, when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries or the OAPEC (consisting of the Arab members of OPEC, proclaimed an oil embargo "in response to the U.S. decision to re-supply the Israeli military" during the Yom Kippur war; it lasted until March 1974. | OPEC oil embargo |
| a commercial, economic, and financial embargo partially imposed on Cuba in October 1960. It was enacted after Cuba nationalized the properties of United States citizens and corporations and it was strengthened to a near-total embargo since February 7, 1962. | Cuban Economic Embargo |
| ordinances and regulations are laws that define how you can use your property. | Zoning laws |
| is a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures | building codes |
