| A | B |
|---|
| Neolithic Revolution | transition from nomadic lifestyle to settled farming |
| job specialization | as technology improved, people could work at other tasks besides farming |
| dynastic cycle | the rise and fall of ruling families in China |
| caste system | rigid social hierarchy used in India |
| polytheism | belief in many gods |
| monotheism | belief in one god |
| feudalism | system that developed in the Middle Ages that involved mutual obligations |
| excommunication | punishment used by the Catholic Church that denied sacraments and condemned a person to eternity in hell |
| imperialism | when a country dominates the political and economic life of another country |
| manor | the self-sufficient esate of a lord in the Middle Ages |
| theocracy | government run by religious leaders |
| barter economy | exchanging one set of goods for another |
| money economy | goods and services are paid for through the exchange of some token of an agreed value (ie coins) |
| serf | peasant tied to the land under feudalism |
| sati | ritual of widow's throwing themselves on the funeral pyres of their husbands |
| monsoon | seasonal winds that affect the climate of India |
| bureaucracy | the part of government that includes different job functions and different levels of authority |
| democracy | a government in which the people rule |
| theocracy | a government in which religious leaders rule |
| republic | a government in which people elect representatives to rule in their place |
| monarchy | a government in which a king/queen rules |
| reincarnation | the belief that the soul is reborn in another bodily form |
| Crusades | a series of wars in which European Christians tried to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslims |
| papal authority | the claim of popes that they had authority over all secular rulers |
| Hammurabi | Babylonian king who created the first set of written laws |
| Muhammad | founder of Islam; born in Mecca |
| Abraham | father of the Israelite nation |
| Pericles | Athenian statesman who presided over its Golden Age |
| Justinian | Byzantine emperor who created a code of laws |
| Augustus Caesar | Roman emperor who instituted reforms that set Rome on a path of greatness |
| Athens | Greek city state known for learning and the arts |
| Sparta | militaristic Greek city state |
| Mecca | birthplace of Muhammad and holiest city in the Muslim faith |
| Constantinople | capital of the Byzantine empire |
| torah | holy book of Judaism |
| Siddhartha Gautama | the Buddah |
| Jesus | founder of Christianity; thought to be the Messiah |
| pyramid | tomb of a king in Egypt |
