| A | B |
|---|
| bands | groups of related families brought together for a common purpose |
| empire | a conquered land of many people and places governed by one ruler |
| Code of Hammurabi | the collection of laws compiled by the Babylonian leader |
| innovations | new ways of doing things |
| surplus | extra supply |
| social classes | groups with different levels of importance |
| civilization | a centralized society with developed forms of religion, ways of governing, and learning. |
| ice-age | a long cold-weather period when huge sheets of ice covered about 1/3 of the Earth’s surface |
| division of labor | when different members of a large band do different tasks, based on their abilities and the band’s needs. |
| culture | a way of life |
| scribe | a person who wrote things for others |
| migration | movement from one place to the next |
| emperor | a ruler of an empire |
| technology | skills and knowledge to make products or meet goals |
| conquer | to take over |
| wild fruits, nuts and seeds | what 'gatherers' would bring back to their bands |
| eye-for-an-eye | whoever caused an injury should be punished with that same injury |
| wheeled cart | helped farmers and construction workers move heavy loads |
| war chariots | enabled soldiers to speed by their enemy throwing spears or shooting arrows |
| Phoenician alphabet | used to draw up bills and record trade agreements |
| father of many nations | Abraham |
| Ten Commandments | a set of laws for responsible behavior that God gave Moses |
| dikes | used to control flood waters |
| standing army | soldiers available all of the time, not just in war |
