| A | B |
|---|
| Diameter | The distance across a circle through its center |
| Point | Undefined term named with a capital printed letter |
| Line | Undefined term named by a lower case script letter |
| Plane | Undefined term named by an upper case script letter |
| Postulate | An axiom |
| Congruent | Same size and shape |
| Equal | Same size |
| Similar | Same shape, proportional size |
| Theorem | A true statement that follows as a result of other true statements |
| Right Angle | =90 degrees |
| Linear Pair Postulate | Linear Pairs are supplemental |
| Parallel Lines | The same distance apart, never intersecting |
| Perpendicular Lines | Intersecting to form 4 right angles |
| Skew Lines | Not parallel, but never intersecting |
| Transversal | Any line that intersects 2 others in distinct points |
| Point | The intersection of 2 lines |
| Solve an equation | Find the value of the variable that makes a statement true |
| Slope | Steepness |
| Rise Over Run | Slope |
| Change in Y over Change in X | Slope |
| Rate of Change in a Graph | Slope |
| Change in Y | Rise |
| Change in X | Run |
| Independent Variable | X |
| Dependent Variable | Y |
| Line Segment | All the points between the endpoints |
| Ruler Postulate | Put one endpoint on zero and the other can be on a positive real number |
| Origin | (0,0) |
| Segment Addition Postulate | A is between B & C and BA + AC = BC |
| Pythagorean Theorem | a^2+b^2=c^2 |
| Distance Formula | Used to find length |
| Circumference | The perimeter of a circle |
| Line | The intersection of 2 planes |
| Polygon | A closed plane figure with line segments for sides |
| Regular Polygon | Equilateral, Equiangular Polygon |
| Equilateral | Same length sides |
| Equiangular | Same size angles |
| Area of a Triangle | 1/2bh |
| Area of a Rectangle | bh |
| Area of a Square | side^2 |
| Area of a Circle | Pi*r^2 |
| Circumference of a Circle | d*Pi |
| Diameter | 2r |
| Bisect | Cut into 2 equal parts |
| Midpoint | A point that bisects a segment |
| Acute | >0 degrees and <90 degrees |
| Obtuse | >90 degrees and <180 degrees |
| Reflex | >180 degrees and <360 degrees |
| Supplementary | sums to 180 degrees |
| Complementary | sums to 90 degrees |
| Adjacent Angles | Sharing 1 ray but no interior points |
| Area of a Trapezoid | 1/2h(b1+b2) |
| Circumference | 2Pir |
| Justify | provide reasoning and/or proof |
| Explain | show reasoning |
| Evaluate | Find the value of an algebraic expression for a given value of the variable |
| Prime Number | Has exactly two positive factors, one and itself |
| Prime Factorization | The expression of a number as the product of prime numbers |
| Coefficient | A numerical factor ina term of an algebraic expression |
| Coefficient | the "3" in 3a |
| Triangle | 3-sided polygon |
| Reciprocal | Multiplicative Inverse |
| Opposite | Additive Inverse |
| Linear Pair | Adjacent supplementary angles |
| Parallelogram | Quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel |
| Area | Measured in squre units |
| Ray | Part of a line with an endpoint and all points in the opposite direction |
| Concave | Extending a side will interset the interior |
| Convex | No line containing a side also contains an interior point |
| Regular | All sides congruent, all angles congruent |
| Collinear | On the same line |
| Coplanar | In the same plane |
| Between | If AB + BC = AC, then B is this to A & C |
| Endpoint | The beginning of a ray |
| Geometry | A branch of mathematics that studies the physical world |
| surface area | perimeter * height, plus 2B |
| great circle | the cross section of a plane through the center of a sphere |
| base edge | b |
| area of a trapezoid | 0.5h(b1 + b2) |
| area of a triangle | 0.5*b*h |
| area of a parallelogram | b*h |
| area of a circle | pi * radius squared |
| circumference of a circle | 2 * pi * radius |
| radius | half the diameter |
| diameter | circumference divided by pi |
| cylinder | has 2 circular bases |
| cone | hs 1 circular base |
| lateral area | perimeter of the base * height of the prism |
| one third | ratio of volume between a cone and cylinder with equal base areas and heights |
| prism | poyhedron two parallel congruent bases |
| pyramid | polyhedron with one base |
| polyhedron | solid formed by polygons |
| sphere | a solid formed by all points equidistant from the center |
| tetrahedron | 4-sided Platonic solid |
| octahedron | 8-sided Platonic solid |
| platonic solid | all faces are congruent |
| face | any polygon in a polyhedron |
| icosahedron | 20-sided Platonic solid |
| dodecahedron | 12-sided Platonic solid |
| cube | 6-sided Platonic solid |
| hexagon | 6-sided polygon |
| pentagon | 5-sided polygon |
| oblique | lateral edges are NOT perpendicular to the base |
| perpendicular | what the edges must be to be used as height and base |
| perimeter | sum of the edges of the base surface |
| height | distance between the bases |
| volume | B*h or 1/3B*h |
| surface area | 2B + ph, or B + 1/21 pl |
| slant height | does NOT exist in any irregular pyramid |
| net | a 2-D representation of the faces of a solid |
| euler's theorem | f + v = 2 + e |
| lateral edges | connects the verticies of the bases to each other |
| right prism | lateral edges are perpendicular to the base |
| regular pyramid | the base edges are congruent |
| vertex | intersection of three or more edges |
| composite solid | a cone atop a cylinder |
| convex polyhedron | any two surface points can be connected by a line entirely inside the solid |
| cross section | intersection of a solid and a plane |
| hemisphere | half of a sphere |
| base area | B |
| Diameter | The distance across a circle through its center |
| Point | Undefined term named with a capital printed letter |
| Line | Undefined term named by a lower case script letter |
| Plane | Undefined term named by an upper case script letter |
| Postulate | An axiom |
| Congruent | Same size and shape |
| Equal | Same size |
| Similar | Same shape, proportional size |
| Theorem | A true statement that follows as a result of other true statements |
| Right Angle | =90 degrees |
| Linear Pair Postulate | Linear Pairs are supplemental |
| Parallel Lines | The same distance apart, never intersecting |
| Perpendicular Lines | Intersecting to form 4 right angles |
| Skew Lines | Not parallel, but never intersecting |
| Transversal | Any line that intersects 2 others in distinct points |
| Point | The intersection of 2 lines |
| Solve an equation | Find the value of the variable that makes a statement true |
| Slope | Steepness |
| Rise Over Run | Slope |
| Change in Y over Change in X | Slope |
| Rate of Change in a Graph | Slope |
| Change in Y | Rise |
| Change in X | Run |
| Independent Variable | X |
| Dependent Variable | Y |
| Line Segment | All the points between the endpoints |
| Ruler Postulate | Put one endpoint on zero and the other can be on a positive real number |
| Origin | (0,0) |
| Segment Addition Postulate | A is between B & C and BA + AC = BC |
| Pythagorean Theorem | a^2+b^2=c^2 |
| Distance Formula | Used to find length |
| Circumference | The perimeter of a circle |
| Line | The intersection of 2 planes |
| Polygon | A closed plane figure with line segments for sides |
| Regular Polygon | Equilateral, Equiangular Polygon |
| Equilateral | Same length sides |
| Equiangular | Same size angles |
| Area of a Triangle | 1/2bh |
| Area of a Rectangle | bh |
| Area of a Square | side^2 |
| Area of a Circle | Pi*r^2 |
| Circumference of a Circle | d*Pi |
| Diameter | 2r |
| Bisect | Cut into 2 equal parts |
| Midpoint | A point that bisects a segment |
| Acute | >0 degrees and <90 degrees |
| Obtuse | >90 degrees and <180 degrees |
| Reflex | >180 degrees and <360 degrees |
| Supplementary | sums to 180 degrees |
| Complementary | sums to 90 degrees |
| Adjacent Angles | Sharing 1 ray but no interior points |
| Area of a Trapezoid | 1/2h(b1+b2) |
| Circumference | 2Pir |
| Justify | provide reasoning and/or proof |
| Explain | show reasoning |
| Evaluate | Find the value of an algebraic expression for a given value of the variable |
| Prime Number | Has exactly two positive factors, one and itself |
| Prime Factorization | The expression of a number as the product of prime numbers |
| Coefficient | A numerical factor ina term of an algebraic expression |
| Coefficient | the "3" in 3a |
| Triangle | 3-sided polygon |
| Reciprocal | Multiplicative Inverse |
| Opposite | Additive Inverse |
| Linear Pair | Adjacent supplementary angles |
| Parallelogram | Quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel |
| Area | Measured in squre units |
| Ray | Part of a line with an endpoint and all points in the opposite direction |
| Concave | Extending a side will interset the interior |
| Convex | No line containing a side also contains an interior point |
| Regular | All sides congruent, all angles congruent |
| Collinear | On the same line |
| Coplanar | In the same plane |
| Between | If AB + BC = AC, then B is this to A & C |
| Endpoint | The beginning of a ray |
| Geometry | A branch of mathematics that studies the physical world |
| Hypothesis | The part of a conditional statement directly following the word "if" |
| Diameter | The distance across a circle through its center |
| Conditional Statement | Any statement in "if - then" form |
| Conjecture | Educated Guess |
| Conclusion | The part of a conditional statement directly following the word "then" |
| Addition Property of Equality | + the same thing to each side |
| Subtraction Property of Equality | - the same thing from each side |
| Transitive Property of Equality | If a=b and b=c, then a=c |
| Transitive Property of Congruence | Two objects that are the same size and shape as a third object are the same size and shape as each other |
| Reflexive Property of Equality | A=A |
| Symmetric Property of Equality | if A=B, the B=A |
| Congruent Supplements Theorem | If each of 2 angles are supplemental to a third, they're supplemental to each other |
| Skew Lines | Not parallel, but never intersecting |
| Point | The intersection of 2 lines |
| Solve an equation | Find the value of the variable that makes a statement true |
| Hypothesis | The part of a conditional statement directly following the word "if" |
| Diameter | The distance across a circle through its center |
| Conditional Statement | Any statement in "if - then" form |
| Counter Example | Any example that proves a conjecture false |
| Conjecture | Educated Guess |
| Conclusion | The part of a conditional statement directly following the word "then" |
| Addition Property of Equality | + the same thing to each side |
| Subtraction Property of Equality | - the same thing from each side |
| Transitive Property of Equality | If a=b and b=c, then a=c |
| Transitive Property of Congruence | Two objects that are the same size and shape as a third object are the same size and shape as each other |
| Congruent | Same size and shape |
| Equal | Same size |
| Similar | Same shape, proportional size |
| Reflexive Property of Equality | A=A |
| Symmetric Property of Equality | if A=B, the B=A |
| Congruent Supplements Theorem | If each of 2 angles are supplemental to a third, they're supplemental to each other |
| Transversal | Any line that intersects 2 others in distinct points |
| Corresponding Angles | Same side of the transversal, same side of each intersected lines |
| Consecutive Interior Angles | Same side of the transversal, inside the intersected lines |
| Alternate Interior Angles | Opposite sides of the transversal, inside and on opposite intersected lines |
| Alternate Exterior Angles | Opposite sides of the transversal, outside and on opposite intersected lines |
| Triangle | 3-sided polygon |
| Scalene | No sides congruent |
| Isosceles | 2 sides congruent |
| Equilateral | All sides congruent |
| Acute Triangle | All angles between 0 & 90 degrees |
| Right Triangle | One angle exactly 90 degrees |
| Obtuse Triangle | One angle between 90 & 180 degrees |
| Equiangular Triangle | All angles exactly 60 degrees |
| Interior Angle | "Inside" the rays |
| Exterior Angle | Forms a linear pair with an interior one |
| Corollary | Easily proven using a Theorem |
| Congruent | Same size and shape |
| Corresponding | "Matched up" parts |
| Hypotenuse | Across from the right angle |
| Legs | Forming the right angle |
| Legs | Forming the Vertex Angle |
| Base | Across from the Vertex Angle |
| Base Angles | Also congruent in an Isosceles Triangle |
| Transformation | Changes location and size |
| Congruence Transformation | Changes ONLY location, not size |
| Translation | Slide |
| Reflection | Flip |
| Rotation | Turn |
| SSS Congruence Postulate | Involves all 3 sides |
| SAS Congruence Postulate | Involves the included angle |
| ASA Congruence Theorem | Involves the included side |
| AAS Congruence Theorem | Involves the non-included side |
| HL Congruence Theorem | Only applies to right triangles |
| Triangle Sum Theorem | Involves angles adding up to 180 degrees |
| Exterior Angle Theorem | Involves the 2 remote interior angles |
| Third Angles Theorem | Proves something about the "remaining" angle |
| Isosceles | Equilateral Triangles are also this |
| Equiangular | Equilateral Triangles are also this |
| Equilateral | Equiangular Triangles are also this |
| Base Angles Theorem | Applies to Isosceles Triangles |
| HL Congruence Theorem | a.k.a. SAS for rt. triangles |
| Ninety Degrees | Sum of acute angles in a rt. tri. |
| Supplementary | Interior and adjacent exterior angles |
| ratio | comparison of two quantities using division |
| indirect measurement | find something's height using proportions |
| means | numerator of the 1st and denominator of the 2nd ratio |
| extremes | denominator of the 1st and numerator of the 2nd ratio |
| geometric mean | square root of the extremes |
| scale drawing | same shape proportional sized model |
| scale | ratio of dimension in model to actual dimensions |
| similar | congruent angles, proportional sides |
| diltaion | a transformation that proportionally changes the size of the object |
| reduction | dilation with 0< scale factor<1 |
| enlargement | dilation with a scale factor >1 |
| cross products | that which is equal in a proportion |
| root | inverse operation of exponent |
| reciprocal property | if a/b = c/d, then b/a = d/c |
| interchange the means | if a/b = c/d, then a/c = b/d |
| add the denominator | if a/b = c/d, then (a+b)/b = (c+d)/d |
| perimeters | ratio of these is equal to ratio of corresponding sides in similar polygons |
| corresponding sides | these must be proportional in similar polygons |
| altitude | distance from any vertex to the opposite side in a triangle |
| Angle-Angle Similarity Postulate | IF two angles in one triangle = corresp. angles in another, the triangles are similar |
| Side-Side-Side Similarity Theorem | If all corresponding sides between tow triangles are proportionsl, the triangles are similar |
| Side-Angle-Side Similarity Theorem | 1 of the 3 similarity postulates /theorems |
| center of dilation | the necessary fixed point for a reduction or enlargement |
| proportion | equivalent ratios |
| Pythagorean Triple | 5, 12, 13 is an example |
| Pythagorean Theorem | IF you know two sides of a right triangle use this to find the third |
| Tangent | opposite over adjacent |
| Sine | opposite over hypotenuse |
| Cosine | adjacent over hypotenuse |
| Hypotenuse | side not used in tangent ratio |
| Inverse Trigonometric Ratios | used to find acute angle measures when side lengths are known |
| Solve a right triangle | find all the side lengths and angle measures |
| legs | used in tangent ratio |
| SOH CAH TOA | mnemonic used to remember trig ratios |
| acute triangle | square of the longest side is < sum of the sq. of the other two |
| obtuse triangle | square of the longest side is > sum of the sq. of the other two |
| right triangle | square of the longest side = sum of the sq. of the other 2 |
| square root | inverse of square |
| altitude | geometric mean of the pieces of the hypotenuse |
| isosceles right triangle | its hypotenuse is leg * sq. rt. 2 |
| square root of three | long leg divided by short leg in a 30-60-90 triangle |
| triangle sum theorem | use to find the last angle measure when two are known |
| trigonometric ratios | in a table on page 925 of the text |
| trigonometry | branch of math dealing with ratios between the sides of a right triangle |
| Pythagorean Theorem | sum of the squares of the legs = sq. of the hyp. |
| Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem | IF a^2 + b^2 = c^2, then it's a right triangle |
| Trigonometric Ratio | special proportions for the sides of a right triangle, based on each acute angle measure |
