| A | B |
|---|
| Cell Membrane Structure | 1.Phospholipid bilayer 2.Hydrophilic tails-insde, orient themselves away from water 3.The membrane has to be fluid to work right. if amembrane becomes solid, it changes and the enzymes deactivate 4. Composed of a phospholipid, which has a glycerol head and two fatty acid tails |
| Cell Membrane functions | 1.Seperates internal environment from the external 2. Controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell, selectivly permeable 3. allows cells to interact with other cell |
| Mosaic | a mosaic of proteins is embedded and dispersed in the phospholipid |
| Peripheral proteins | proteins that arent embedded in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. loosely bound to the surface of the membrane or to an integral protein. Extrinsic protein |
| Integral proteins | generally transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane |
| transport protein | penetrates the membrane and provides a hydrophilic channel across the membrane that is selectice for a particular solute. |
| solute | a substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| solvent | the dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most verstile solvent known |
| solution | a homogenuos, liquid mixture of 2 or more substances |
| diffusion | movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from high concentration to low concentration. |
| enzyme protein | built into a membrane, active site exposed to substances in the adjacent solution. sometimes work as a team, which carry out sequential steps of a metabolic pathway/ |
| signal transduction | integral protein may have a binding site with a specific shape that fits te shape of a chemical messenger, such as a hormone. the external mesenger my cause a conformational change in the protein tht relays a message to the inside of the cell. |
| intercellular joining | integral membrane proteins of adjacent cells may be hooked together in various kinds of junctions. |
| cell to cell recognition | some glycoproteins serve as identifiction Tags that are specifically recognized by other cells. |
| osmotic pressure | is increased water pressure that results from osmosis. cells with stron cell walls can withstand high internal osmotic pressures |
| hypertonic | a hypertonic solution contains more solutes |
| hypotonic | very little solute |
| Isotonic solution | equal solute on both sides |
| Endocytosis | the process by which a cell akes up a substance by surrounding it with membrane |
| enzyme | essentially made of up globular proteins |
| primary structure | the sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| secondary structure | described as a alpha helix or beta fold that is formed by hydrogen bonds |
| tertiary group | the way te helix cahin is folded and is caused by the interaction of the R groups |
| quaternary structure | formed by the combonation of several polypeptides in a single but huge protein |
| fibrous proteins | are in helix or pleated sheet form because they have regular repeated sequence of amino acids |
| globular proteins | proteins which have a globular shape |
