| A | B |
|---|
| Energy | Capacity to perform work |
| Kinetic Energy | energy that is doing work |
| Heat | Energy associated with movement of molecules in a body of matter |
| Potential Energy | Energy possessed as a result of location or arrangement |
| Chemical Energy | Potential Energy of molecules |
| Thermodynamics | study of energy transformations occuring in a collection of matter |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy in the universe is Constant. |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | Energy conversions reduce the order of the universe |
| Entropy | amount of disorder in a system |
| Endergonic Reactions | requires input energy |
| Exergonic Reaction | releases energy |
| Cellular Respiration | energy releasing chemical breakdown of glucose molecules |
| Cellular Metabolism | sum of reactions performed in a cell |
| Energy Coupling | using energy released from exergonic reactions to drive essential endergonic reactions |
| Phosphorylation | transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule |
| Energy of Activation | amount of energy that reactants mus absorb to start a chemical reaction |
| Enzyme | protein molecule that serves as a biological catalyst |
| Substrate | Substance that enzyme acts on |
| Cofactors | Nonprotein helpers that may be inorganic substances. |
| Coenzyme | organic cofactor |
| competitive inhibitor | resemembles normal substrate |
| noncompetitive inhibitor | fits outside the active site, changes active site so regular substrate wont fit |
| negative feedback | a metabolic reactions is blocked by its products |
| selective permeability | allows some substances to cross easier that others |
| Fluid mosaic | membrane, made of many small fragments |
| Receptors | fits a specific messenger |
| Diffusion | tendency for particles of any kind to spread out spontaneously from where thy are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated |
| Passive Transport | diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| Hypertonic | solution with a higher concentration of solutes |
| Hypotonic | solution with lower solute concentration |
| isotonic | egual solute concentration |
| osmoregulation | control of water balance |
| facilitated diffusion | one protein makes it possible for a substance to move down its concentration gradient |
| Active Transport | requires cell to expend energy to move molecules across a membrane |
| exocytosis | process that exports bulky materials from the cytoplasm |
| Endocytosis | cell takes in particles by forming vesicles or vacuoles from its plasma membrane. |
| Phagocytosis | cellular eating |
| Pinocytosis | cellular drinking |
