| A | B |
|---|
| Sumer | Southern half of Mesopotamia. By 3000 b.c.e the population approached 100,000. The wealth of Sumer also made people move there. |
| Semitic | people spoke tongues in the Semitic family of languages. Semitic peoples were nomadic herders who went to Mesopotamia from the Arabian and Syrian deserts to the south and west |
| Ziggurat | distinctive stepped pyramids that housed temples and alters to the principle local deity. A massive Ziggurat went up in Uruk in 3200 B.C.E to honor the fertility goddess Inanna. |
| Sargon of Akkad | The creator of the empire in Mesopotamia. He was a talented administrator and brilliant warrior. He began his career as a minister of the king of Kish. He organized a coup against the kind, recruited an army and went on the offensive against an army and states. He conquered the cities one by one and placed them under his government. |
| Hammurabi | He was a Babylonian conqueror, styled himself “king of the four quarters of the world” He improved on Sargon’s administrative techniques by relying on centralized bureaucratic rule and regular taxes. His law = eye or an eye |
| Cuneiform | a term that comes from two Latin words meaning “wedge-shaped”. When it was hot out the clay would bake in the sun and harden and it preserved a permanent record of the scribe’s message. |
| Epic is Gilgamesh | this work came from the Sumerian city states but the whole epic was the work of compilers who lived after 2000 B.E.C during the days of the Babylonian empire. |
| Phonicians | they occupied a narrow coastal plain between the Mediterranean Sea and the Lebanon Mountains. They spoke Semititc language, and referred themselves as Canaanites and their land and Canaan. They migrated to the Med. Coast and built there first settlement sometime after 3000 B.C.E |
| Indo-Europeans | major subgroups of their family of landuages include Into-Iraian, Greek, Baltro-Savic, Italic, Germanic, Celtic. English belongs to the Germanic subgroup. It was inconceivable that speakers of all these languages independently adopted similar vocabularies and grammar structures. The original homeland of Indo- European speakers was probably the steppe region |
| Hitties | They were Indo-Eurpean people who moved south into Turkey. They invented smelt iron. They made iron tools and weapons and sold them to other people in Asis, ect. |
| Metallugry | greatly strengthen the iron the Hitties invented. It also strengthen their society and influenced other peoples throughout much of the ancient world |
