| A | B |
|---|
| incomplete dominance | a blend |
| codominance | both traits are present, no blend |
| phenotypic | the way it looks |
| genotypic | the actual genes |
| classic phenotypic ratio (monohybrids) | 3:1 |
| classic genotypic ratio (monohybrids) | 1:2:1 |
| homozygus | the genes are both the same |
| heterozygous | the genes are one of each |
| allele | a gene |
| sex linkage | traits controlled by genes on the chromosomes |
| autosomes | pairs of matching chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes | 23 pair in humans that determine sex |
| test cross | process to see if a plant is homozygus |
| multiple alleles | traits controlled by more than one allele |
| mutation | a change in the dna code |
| point mutation | single bases pair change |
| frameshift mutation | base pairs are added or deleted from the sequence |
| chromosomal mutations | translocations, deletions, inversions, insertions |
| germ mutation | occurs in sex cells, able to be passed on |
| nondisjunction | chromosomes do not split during miosis |
| deletion | part of the chromosome is left out |
| insertion | part of the chromosome breaks off and attaches to its sister |
| inversions | part of a chromosome is reinserted backwards |
| translocations | chromosomes break off and join to a different chromosoe |
| down syndrome | results form a trisomy 21 |
| PKU | a ressive dissorder that doent allow the body to break down phenolalinine |
| huntington's | nervous system deteriorates |
| dominance | shows the trait |
| ressive | trait isn't seen |
| law of segregation | each parent passes on 1 allele |
| law of independant assortment | genes for different traits are inherited seperatly |
| Mendel | father of genetics |
| linkage | genes on the same chromosome |
| pedigree | shows who posesses an allele to predict which offsping has it |
| turner syndrome | the presense of only an X chromosome |
| klinefelter syndrome | males with an extra X chromosone |
| aminocentesis | test for abnormalities in unborn babies |
| kartotype | chart/picture of paired chromosomes |
| chromosome theory | genes are units of heredity; heridity is passed by eggs and sperm; gametes have 1 set of alleles |
| polygenic | many genes affecting one trait |
| crossing over | exchange of genetic stuff by nonsister chromatids in meiosis formimng new alleles |
| XX | girl |
| XY | boy |
| sex linked diseases | diseases carried on the sew chromosomes |
| barr bodies | evidence of an innactive X chromosome |
| twin studies | study to show that traits effect personality |
| polyploidy | caused by nondisjunction in meiosis |
| dihybrid phenotype | 9:3:3:1 |
| 2 polynomial event problems | 1:2:1 |
| 3 polynomial event problems | 1:3:3:1 |
| 4 polynomial event problems | 1:4:6:4:1 |
