| A | B |
|---|
| Pendleton Civil Service Act | created a Civil Service Commission which classified gov't jobs and tested applicants fitness for them |
| Gilded Age | Coined by Mark Twain to describe Post- Reconstruction era |
| Mugwumps | support democrat-Cleveland |
| Stalwarts | no reform-Conkling |
| Half-Breeds | some reform-Blaine |
| Whiskey Ring | Cheating the gov't out of taxes by filling false reports |
| Sanborn Tax | Political scandal 1874 after President Grant hired private citizen to collect taxes and let him keep half |
| Credit Mobilier | Preseident Grant scandal; he allowed paybacks to the builders of the Union Pacific Railroad |
| Erie Railroad | 1869; Gold-rigging scandal; oweners of Erie Railroad lost money to a British con-man |
| Boss Tweed-Tammany Hall | Political club that ran NY City's Democratic Party |
| Thomas Nast | Helped bring down Tweed by exposing his methods to the public through his brilliant political cartoons |
| Patrongage | Practice of hiring political supporters for gov't jobs. |
| Homestead Act | settlers could have 160 acres of land if they: 1) were an american citizen, 2)Built a house of a certain minimum size, 3)lived in it at least 6 months a year, and 4)Farmed the land for 5 years in a row |
| Dawes Act- assimilation | divided reservation land into individual plots |
| Paha Sapa-black hills | Old discovery led to breaking of treaty with Sioux |
| Little Bighorn | Custer was sent to round up Indians but was wiped out along with more than 200 soldiers |
| Populists | Followers of the People's Party |
| Problems of Farmers | high mortgage rates, overproduction-new technology--McCormack |
| Cross of Gold Speech | Calls for money based upon gold and silver rather than just gold |
| William Jennings Bryan | Former silverite congressman from Nebraska and a powerful speaker |
| Mark Hanna | ohio boss that led republican party leaders to settle on Gov William McKinley of Ohio as the party's presidential candidate |
| Triangle shirtwaist fire | Fire that swept through the factory of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in NY |
| Prevent unionization | Yellow dog contracts, lock outs, blacklists, open shop plicies |
| Yellow dog contracts | contracts which workers promised never to join a union or participate in a strike |
| lock outs | Knights of Labor strikers were "locked out." |
| blacklists | list circulated among employers containing the names of persons who should not be hired |
| open shop policies | attempt to drive out unions and bring in non-union people |
| Worker demands | shorter workday, safe working conditions, less immigration |
| Knights of Labor | organized all working men and women into a single union |
| Uriah Stephens | U.S. labor leader. founded Knights of Labor with other garment workers |
| Terence Powerly | leader of Knights of Labor |
| AFL | craft union that only sought to organize only skilled workers into a network of smaller unions |
| Samuel Gompers | Leader of American Federation of Labor |
| American Railway Union | Largest union of its time; first industrial union |
| Eugene Debs | Leader of A.R.U |
| international workers of the world | radical union that included many Socialists among its leadership |
| Bill Haywood | Leader of Wobblies (wobblies were "industrial workers of the world") |
| Haymarket Strike | group of workers mounted a natinal demonstration for an 8 hour workday |
| Scabs | people who cross union strike picket lines |
| Pinkertons | police force known for their ability to break up strikes |
| Court Injunctions | court order by which and individual is required to perform, or is restrained from performing, a particular act |
| Who were the Robber Barons | Carnegie,Rockefeller,Hill,Vanderbilt,Swift,Morgan |
| Carnegie | founded first steel plants to use the Bessemer Process |
| Rockefeller | standard oil company |
| Hill | empire builder |
| Vanderbilt | american entrepreneur |
| Swift | founded meat packing empire |
| Morgan | most powerful financier in America, Created U.S Steel Corporation |
| Partnership-share risk | when people go into business together to share the risk; this started with the railroads |
| Corporation | buisness organizations could raise money by selling stock to member of the public |
| Attempt to limit competition | Vertical and horizontal integration,Pools-set prices,trusts,survival of the fittest,social darwinism |
| Vertical and horizontal integration | gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a products development |
| Pools-set prices | when competitors get together and set prices; later deemed illegal |
| trusts | where a board of trustees managed many companies as a single unit |
| survival of the fittest | the best will survive longer |
| social darwinism | society should do as little as possible to interfere with people's pursuit of success |
| what were the problems in the cities | overcrowding,violence,crime,sanitation,widespread poverty |
| overcrowding | inadequate housing, to many people not enough room |
| Literacy Test Bill | vetoed by Cleveland...discriminatory |
| what were the new technologies | bessemer steel process,ford and the assembly line,welfare capitalism |
| bessemer steel process | Made possible the mass production of steel |
| ford and the assembly line | manufacturing process in which each worker does one specialized task in the construction of the final product |
| welfare capitalism | larger companies launched strategies to meet some of their workers demands in order to avoid union intervention, prevent strikes, and keep productivity high s |
| prohibition | a ban on the manufacture and sale of Alcoholic beverages |
| temperance | an organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption |
| safer working conditions | child labor laws, food safety |
| child labor laws | Most states passed child labor laws limiting child labor |
| food safety | laws required accurate labeling of ingredients, strict sanitary conditions, and a rating system for meats |
| womens movement | NCL, Florence Kelley, Marry Harris |
| social gospel movement | Sought to apply the gospel teachings of Jesus directly to society |
| settlement houses | a kind of community center |
| Jane Addams | bought Charles Hull mansion in Chicago and opened up to immigrant neighbors |
| Hull House | Center of community activity |
| Initiative | a process in which citizens can put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting voters’ signatures on a petition |
| referendum | process that allows citizens to approve or reject law passed by the legislature |
| recall | Procedure that permits voters to remove public officials from office before the next election |
| galveston Plan | Commission form of gov't, first developed in galveston tx in 1900; when you have a cou ncil member in charge of each dep't |
| Sherman anti trust act | Never been vigorously enforced |
| ICC | Authorized to set and limit railroad rates |
| Hepburn and elkins act | Authorized the ICC to set and limit railroad rates |
| Regulate railroads | see above |
| stop rebates | some people were getting to ship for free; this was stopped |
| trust-busting | Trying to break up the Trusts |
| Roosevelt | first "trustbuster" |
| Taft | did more against trusts than Roosevelt |
| Northern securities company | railroad trust 1902; became an anti-trust case |
| Coal strike | united mine workers; wanted better working conditions |
| who were the muckrakers | Upton Sinclair,Norris,Steffens,Tarbell |
| Upton Sinclair | wrote the novel jungle |
| Norris | wrote Octopus |
| Steffens | wrote Shame of the cities |
| Tarbell | wrote Standard oil |
| what decisions were made about African Americans | Jim Crow Laws,Plessy v. Ferguson,Booker T. Washington,Atlanta Compromise,WEB DuBois,Niagara conference,NAACP |
| Jim Crow Laws | made racial segregation the law; 1876-1965 |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | upheld racial segregation |
| Booker T. Washington | made the Atlanta Compromise |
| Atlanta Compromise | He asserted that vocational education, which gave blacks a chance for economic security, was more valuable than social equality or political office. |
| WEB DuBois | a. Founded the Niagara Movement |
| Niagara conference | group of african american men who met in canada; included DuBois |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored people |
| Lafollette | Gov. of Wisconsin |
| what happened at the Election of 1912 | 4 way contest; roosevelt created progressive part; wilson won |
| Wilson | Democratic party and ran on reform platform |
| TR | Bull Moose or Progressive New nationalism |
| Taft | Republican |
| Progressive Wilson | Underwood Tariff,Federal Trade Commission, Federal Reserve |
| What is Imperialism | colonization of other areas |
| Arguments found against imperialism | Promoting Economic Growth, Protecting American Security,Preserving American Spirit |
| Mahon | argued that the nation’s economic future hinged on gaining new markets abroad |
| China | China’s huge population and vast markets became increasingly important to American trade |
| McKinley | gov. of Ohio |
| Spanish American War | 1898 spain and u.s. over cuba |
| John Hay | Secretary of State |
| Yellow Journalism | reported exaggerated and sometimes false stories about the events in Cuba in order to increase circulation |
| DuLome letter | Letter stolen from the Spanish ambassador to Washington which described McKinley as a “weak and a bidder for the admiration of the Crowd” |
| Maine | U.S. public blamed Spain for the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine |
| Weylar | Sent by Spain to put down rebellion |
| platt Amendment | Stipulated that the Cuban government could not enter any foreign agreements, must allow the United States to establish naval bases as needed on the island, and must give the United States the right to intervene whenever necessary |
| Philippines | Philippines gained complete independence in 1946 |
| Puerto Rico | U.S. still retained the power to appoint key officials, such as governor |
| Big Stick Diplomacy | describe the assertion of U.S. dominance as a moral imperative |
| Roosevelt Corollary | authorized U.S. intervention in the affairs of neighboring American countries in order to counter threats posed to U.S. security and interests |
| Panama Canal | crossing the Isthmus of Panama in the Canal Zone and connecting the Caribbean Sea with the Pacific Ocean |
| Mediate Russo Japanese war | Conflict between Russia and Japan over territorial expansion in East Asia |
| Gentlemens agreement | An agreement guaranteed only by the pledged word or unspoken understanding of the parties. |
| Taft and dollar Diplomacy | to further its foreign policy aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries |
| Diaz | 123 |
| Madero | Mexican revolutionary and president |
| Huerta | 123 |
| Carranza | First president of the post-Porfirio Díaz Mexican Republic |
| Villa | 123 |
| Triple Entente | UK, France and Russia |
| Triple Alliance | Germany, Italy and Austo-Hungry |
| German Invasion | Germany's surprise attack on the USSR |
| Von Schlieffen Plan | Plan of attack used by the German armies at the outbreak of World War I |
| British Blockade of Germany | WW1 both sides tried it on one another, as neither side was self-sufficent in food |
| Trench Warfare | fighting from makeshift battlefield defenses over prolonged period |
