| A | B |
|---|
| John James Audubon | (1785-1851) painted wildlife portraits of birds and other animals in natural srroundings. National Audubon Society is conservation group w/ 500 local chapters |
| Henry David Thoreau | (1817-1862) spent 2 years living on Walden Pond near Concord, MA; writer; believed in simplifying life to live in harmony with natural world |
| George Perkins Marsh | (1801-1882) farmer, linguist, diplomat; wrote "Man and Nature" which discusses how humans are agents of global environmental change. Told of environ. damage from VT to Middle East |
| American Forestry Association | (1875) influence public opinion against wholesale destruction of American forests |
| General Revision Act | (1891) gave president authority to est. forest reserves on federally owed land. Pres Harrison, Cleveland and Theodore Roosevelt reserved 43 million acres from logging |
| Gifford Pinchot | (1865-1946) 1st head of US Forest Service; |
| utilitarian conservationists | viewed forests in terms of usefulness for people, ie providing jobs; manage them scientifically; Pinchot and Roosevelt were ones |
| national forest uses | biological habitats, recreation, timber harvest, cattle grazing |
| Yellowstone National Park | 1st nat'l park; est. 1872; parts of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming |
| biocentric preservationist | all living organisms have an inaliable right to life and the pursuit of their own interests |
| John Muir | (1838-1914) biocentric preservationist; founded Sierra Club; partly responsible for formation of Yosemite + Sequoia Nat'l Parks |
| Antiquities Act | (1906) authorized president to set aside national monument sites that have scientific, historic or prehistoric importance (Badlands, SD) |
| National Park Service | (1916) took over management of nat'l parks and monuments from US Army (58 parks + 73 monuments today) "without impairment" which helps reduce dams and other additions |
| Franklin Roosevelt | (1882-1945) est. Civilian Conservation Corps during Great Depression who employed <175,000 men to plant trees, make paths + roads in nat'l parks + forests, build dams to control flooding, and protect natural resources |
| Soil Conservation Service | (1935) started by Pres. Roosevelt in response to Dust Bowl |
| Aldo Leopold | (1886-1948) wildlife biologist; wrote "Game Management" textbook; supported taxes on sporting weapons and ammo for wildlife management + research; wrote about conservation of wilderness "A Sand County Almanac" |
| Rachel Carson | (1907-1964) wrote "Silent Spring" against pesticides DDT which destroys bird eggshells |
| Paul Ehrlich | published "The Population Bomb" in 1968 when pop. was 3.5 billion |
| Earth Day | 1st in 1970 in US; by 1990 it's global; |
