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Cause-Effect: Politics of the Gilded Age

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A period that seemed to be quite vibrant but at the same time have so much corruptionMark Twain coined the period the "Gilded Age"
Assassination of President James A. Garfield by a deranged office-seekerThe Pendleton Act was passed in 1883
The Pendleton ActDiminished the power of the spoils system, reformed civil service by requiring civil service exams
Very competitive presidential electionsMake politics popular and dictated that several presidential candidates were from swing states such as New York and Ohio
The legacy of the Civil War, emancipation, and Radical ReconstructionThe South was the stronghold of the Democratic Party until the 1960s-1970s- the "Solid South"
The Election of 1876/Compromise of 1877Gave Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency and ended Reconstruction in the South
"Waving the Bloody Shirt"Union veterans overwhelmingly supported the Republican Party
The Republicans controlling the presidency and both houses of Congress in 1889-1891The Billion Dollar Congress passed the McKinley Tariff, Sherman Anti-trust Act, and expanded the U.S. Navy
The poverty and large numbers of immigrants flooding northern citiesThe rise of municipal machines such as Tammany Hall
The cartoons of Thomas NastBrought down Boss Tweed of Tammany Hall
The lack of political experience and Grant's loose handle of his administrationScandals such as Gould's attempt to corner the gold market and the Credit Mobilier Scandal
Growing Republican disgust with the scandals of the Grant AdministrationThe rise of the Liberal Republican Party
The Panic of 1873Resulted in unemployment, the Great Railroad Strike, and demands for "soft" money
The rise of debtors from the Panic of 1873Increased the appeal of the Greenback Labor Party
Growing divisions in the Republican Party between the Mugwump, Stalwart, and Half-Breed factionsOpened the way for the first Democrat president to be elected since the Civil War: Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland's administrationEnacted lower tariffs and his administration was ruined by the Panic of 1893
Growing problems faced by farmers, calls to regulate railroads and free/unlimited coinage of silverThe rise of the Populist Party
William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold' SpeechCaused the Populist and Democratic parties to fuse behind a single candidate in 1896
The Election of 1896 and discoveries of gold in the YukonResulted in a devastating defeat for the Populists and the cause of silver


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