| A | B |
|---|
| pseudostratified | a single layer of cells appearing as more than one layer because the nuclei occupy different positions in the cells |
| stratified | arranged in layers |
| keratinizing | forming keratin (hardening) |
| non-keratinizing | not forming keratin |
| columnar | elongated in shape |
| epithelium | tissue type that covers all free body surfaces |
| microvilli | tiny cylindrical process that extends from some epithelial cell membranes and increases membrane surface area |
| goblet | an epithelial cell specialized to secrete mucus |
| squamous | flat or platelike |
| simple | one layer |
| cuboidal | shaped like a cube |
| tubules | small rounded processes that extend from the epithelial cell membranes |
| cytoplasm | fluid and organelles that occupy the space between the cell membrane and nuclear envelope |
| endoplasmic reticulum | comples of membranous structures within the cytoplasm |
| hypertonic | solution that has a greater osmotic pressure than body fluids |
| hypotonic | solution that has a lesser osmotic pressure than body fluids |
| interphase | stage that occurs between mitotic divisions of a cell |
| isotonic | solutin that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids |
| mitosis | process of cell division when threadlike chromosomes become visible within a cell |
| phagocytosis | process by which a cell takes in solid particles |
| pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in tiny droplets of liquid |
| ribosome | tiny spherical structure that consists of protein and RNA |
| active transport | process that requires an expenditure of energy to move a substance across a cell membrane, usually against the concentrations gradient |
| apoptosis | programmed death of a cell |
| cell membrane | the selectively permeable outer boundary of a cell consisting of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteteins |
| centrosome | cellular organelle consisting of two centrioles |
| chromosome | rodlike structure that condenses from chromatin in a cell's nucleus during mitosis |
| cytoskeleton | a shifting lattice arrangement of structural and contractile components distributed throughout the cell's cytoplasm consisting of microfilaments, microtubules, and larger filaments functioning in providing structural support and transport mechanism |
| differentiation | cell specialization |
| diffusion | random movement of molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed |
| endocytosis | process by which a cell membrane envelops a substance and draws it into the cell in a vesicle |
| equilibrium | a state of balance between two opposing forces |
| exocytosis | transport of material out of a cell by means of a vesicle or sac that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | diffusion in which carrier molecules transport substances across membranes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
| filtration | movement of material through a membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure |
| golgi apparatus | an organelle that prepares cellular products for secretion |
| lysosome | organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| mitochondria | an organelle in the cytoplasm that functions in transforming energy from glucose to ATP |
| nucleolus | a small structure within the cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins |
| organelle | a part of a cell that performs a specialized function |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient |
| selectively permeable | a membrane that allows some molecules through but not others |
| vesicle | membranous cytoplasm sac formed by infolding of the cell membrane |
