| A | B |
|---|
| nutrients | substances in food that provide the raw material and energy for human health/life |
| calorie | amount of energy (from food) needed to raise the temperature of water one degree Celsius |
| carbohydrates | made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen; major source of energy; provide raw materials to make cell parts; two types: simple and complex |
| fats | energy containing nutrients composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen; form parts of cell membranes; two types-unsaturated and saturated |
| unsaturated fats | usually liquid at room temperature; ex. cooking oil |
| saturated fats | usually solid at room temperature; ex. in meat and dairy products |
| cholesterol | waxy, fat-like substance found in animal products; your liver makes cholesterol; you do not need to consume cholesterol in your diet |
| protein | nutrient containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; needed for tissue growth and repair; role in cells chemical reactions; source of energy |
| two types of nutrients body needs in small amountstrients | vitamins and minerals; help carry out body processes |
| vitamins | helper molecules for chemical reactions in the body |
| minerals | nutrients that are not made from living things; from soil and get absorbed by plants |
| water | most important nutrient; necessary for chemical reactions in the body; makes up most of the body's fluids |
| food pyramid | diagram that plans a healthy, well balanced diet |
| digestion | process where body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules |
| two kinds of digestion | mechanical and chemical |
| mechanical digestion | when foods are physically broken down into smaller pieces |
| chemical digestion | chemicals fro the body break down foods into smaller chemical building blocks |
| absorption | process where nutrient molecules pass through walls of your digestive system and into your blood |
| beginning of digestion | occurs in the mouth (both mechanical and chemical digestion begin here) |
| parts of the digestive system | mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
