| A | B |
|---|
| Renaissance | The term means rebirth, and in this context, it refers to a revival of art and learning. |
| Humanism | An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements. |
| Secular | Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters. |
| Patrons | A person who supports artists, especially financially. |
| Perspective | An Artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface. |
| Vernacular | The everyday language of people in a region or country. |
| Utopia | an imaginary land, an ideal place. |
| William Shakespeare | The most famous writer of the Elizabeth Age. |
| Johann Gutenberg | A craftsman from Mainz, Germany, developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way. |
| Indulgence | A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin. |
| Reformation | A 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority. |
| Lutheran | A member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther. |
| Protestant | A member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation. |
| Peace of Augsburg | A 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. |
| annul | To cancel or put an end to. |
| Anglican | Relating to the Church of England. |
| Predestination | The doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved. |
| Calvinism | A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. |
| Theocracy | A government controlled by religious leaders. |
| Presbyterians | A member of a Protestant church governed by prybesters (elders) and founded on the teachings of John Knox. |
| Anabaptists | In the reformation, a Protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be a Christian and believed in the seperation of church and state. |
| Catholic Reformation | A 16-century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in the response to the Protestant Reformation. |
| Jesuits | Members of the society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola. |
| Council of Trent | A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers. |
