| A | B |
|---|
| ion | charged atom |
| isotope | atom with different number of neutrons than normal |
| ionic bonds | involves the TRANSFER of electrons between a metal and non-metal |
| covalent bond | involves the SHARING of electrons between two NON-METALS |
| mineral | a crystalling solid that occurs naturally and is inorganic |
| rock | a mixture of minerals |
| native mineral | contains only one element |
| lustre | how a mineral shines in light |
| streak | the colour of powdered mineral left on a streak palte |
| cleavage | the tendency to split along flat surfaces |
| Moh's scale | measures how hard a mineral is |
| intrusive (plutonic) | rock that has cooled slowly inside the earth |
| extrusive (volcanic) | rock that has cooled quickly outside the earth |
| igneous rock | rock formed from solidifed magam or lava |
| sedimentary rock | rock the formed from compaction of sediments |
| metamorphic rock | rock that forms when exposed to extreme heat and pressure WITHOUT becoming a liquid |
| regional metamorphism | large ares or rock that change due to heat and pressure |
| contact metamorphism | small areas of rock altered by magma |
| renewable energy | energy source that can be renewed in a human's lifetime |
| non-renewable energy | energy source that cannot be renewed in a person's lifetime |
| concentrating | separating out the valuable mineral by floatation |
| smelting | using extremely hot fires to refine a mineral |
| refining | use electricity to get a pure metal |
| fossil fuel | fuel source formed from material that was once living |
| fractionation | separating fossil fuels by their different boiling points |
| photovoltaic | using sunlight to make energy |
| acid mine drainage | results from pyrite mine waste being exposed to air and water |
| relative time (relative dating) | gives the order events happened, but not the actual age |
| absolute time (absolute dating) | gives an actual age for an event or item |
| original remains | fossils formed from soft parts being preservered, usually in bogs or permafrost |
| replaced reamins | fossils formed when soft parts rot away and are replaced by minerals |
| casted remains (molds) | hollows formed when organisms die in sediment |
| index fossils | unique fossils that occur only in certain geological periods |
| radioacive dating | uses the known decay rate of certain isotopes to date items |
