| A | B |
|---|
| Evolutionary mechanisms cause MICROEVOLUTION | changes in population genotype and allele frequencies for the next generation. |
| Adding any REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION MECHANISM | allows MACROEVOLUTION (speciation). |
| Examples of reproductive isolation mechanisms | physical separation, selective mating, and sterile offspring |
| Speciation can be rapid (punctuated equilibrium) | or gradual; relative amounts of these are debated but both appear to occur. |
| Biologists use a | binomial system for classifying organisms |
| taxonomy | the science of classifying and naming organisms |
| Carolus Linnaeus (18th century biologist) | developed a system of classification that is the basis of what is used today |
| binomial system: today each species’ official scientific name is | made of 2 words (bi=“2” nomen=“name” |
| names | are Latin |
| same language | used universally in biology |
| dead language | not changing |
| names of people can be | “Latinized” for use in naming |
| species | basic unit of classification or taxonomy (more on this later) |
| species, if sexual | a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| species, if asexual | grouped based on similarities (DNA sequence is best |
| about 1.8 million | million living species have been described, likely millions more |
| genus | a group of closely related species |
| together the genus and specific epithet names | make up the binomial name used to name a species |
| the Genus name is always | capitalized |
| and the specific epithet | is never capitalized |
