| A | B |
|---|
| Huang He River | Flows 3,000 miles across China into the Yellow Sea; nicknamed “Yellow River” |
| Chang Jiang River | Flows 3,400 miles across China into the Yellow Sea; known as “Yangtze River |
| Anyang | Ancient Chinese city where Shang kings ruled |
| Aristocrats | Ancient China’s ruling class made up of king, warlords and royal officials |
| Pictographs | Ancient Chinese writing where characters represent objects |
| Ideographs | Ancient Chinese writing where characters, used in combination, represent ideas |
| Wu Wang | Chinese aristocrat; led rebellion that defeated Shang dynasty and started Zhou dynasty |
| Bureaucracy | Appointed officials responsible for the operation of various government departments |
| Mandate | A formal order |
| Daor (or Tao) | “The Way”; the natural order of things that made the gods happy |
| Social class | People who share a similar position in society |
| Filial piety | Children had to respect their parents and older relatives |
| Confucius | Ancient China’s first great thinker and teacher; thought people should put needs of family/community before personal needs |
| Confucianism | Taught that all men with a talent for governing should take part in government |
| Daoism (or Taoism) | Belief that people should give up worldly desires and return to nature and the natural force that guides all things |
| Laozi | The scholar credited with outlining the Daoist teachings; believed people should give up worldly desires and return to nature |
| Legalism | Belief that men need harsh laws and still punishments to force them to do their duty |
| Hanfeizi | A scholar who developed the teachings of Legalism; during the 200s B.C.; taught that humans were naturally evil |
| Qin Shihuangdi | In 221 B.C. declared himself the “First Qin Emperor;” he had a lasting impact on China that lasted more than 2,000 years; unified China |
| Guangzhou | a city in southern China connected to Chang Jiang in central China by a canal built by Qin Shihuangdi |
| Liu Bang | – In 202 B.C., founded the Han dynasty, once a peasant he became a military leader and defeated his rivals |
| Han Wudi | “Martial Emperor of Han;” ruled from 141 – 87 B.C.; first to use civil service examinations to award civil service positions |
| Acupuncture | Traditional Chinese cures for various ailments that utilizes the use of needles stuck into the patient’s skin at critical points |
| Silk Road | A large network of trade routes that stretched more than 4,000 miles from western China to southwest Asia (including the Middle East) |
| Luoyang | Han capital attacked in A.D. 190 and within 30 years all of China was in a civil war that allowed for nomadic invaders to invade the country |
