| A | B |
|---|
| Kingdom Protista | some are unicellular, some are colonial, and some are truly multicellular |
| There appear to be eight major lineages | of within Eukarya |
| only artificial grouping among kingdoms (paraphyletic at best) | Kingdom Protista |
| Excavata | synapomorphies |
| no functioning mitochondria, although nucleus has some genes derived from mitochondria | Excavata |
| have two equal-sized nuclei and multiple flagella | Diplomonads |
| Diplomonad modified mitochondria called | mitosomes |
| Diplomonads includes Giardia lamblia | the organism that causes “hiker’s diarrhea” or giardiasis |
| Parabasalids | modified mitochondria called hydrogenosomes that make hydrogen gas |
| includes Trichomanas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted parasite in humans | Parabasalids |
| Discicristata | synapomorphy: mitochondria with distinctive disc-shaped cristae |
| Discicristata's largest group is | the phylum Euglenozoa |
| Phylum Euglenozoa | crystalline or spiral rod in flagella |
| kinetoplastids | single, large mitochondrion that has an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast |
| African sleeping sickness | caused by Trypanosoma |
| Alveolata | synapomorphy: sac-like “alveoli” that form a continuous layer just under the plasma membrane |
| Phylum Dinoflagellata | unicellular, mostly marine; 2100 species known |
| usually have 2 flagella | Phylum Dinoflagellata |
| zooxanthellae: symbionts | live in mutually beneficial relationship) in other organisms (jellyfish, sea anemones, mollusks, corals) |
| bioluminescent | many planktonic dinoflagellates emit light when disturbed |
| predatory dinoflagellates | some generate toxins that they use to kill marine life |
| Phylum Apicomplexa | unicellular |
| nonmotile, spore-forming parasites of animals (their spores are infective bodies used to reach new hosts) | Phylum Apicomplexa |
| Phylum Ciliophora | unicellular (but some big and internally complex) |
