| A | B |
|---|
| stress | forces within the Earth that push and pull on the crust |
| deformation | breaking, tilting, and folding of rocks |
| compression | type of stress that squeezes the rocks of the crust |
| tension | type of stress that pulls on the rocks of the crust |
| shearing | type of stress that pushes rocks of the crust in two opposite directions |
| fracture | cracks in the rocks caused by stress |
| fault | a break or crack along which rocks move |
| hanging wall | block of rock above a fault |
| foot wall | block of rock below a fault |
| normal fault | fault between two blocks where the hanging wall moves down relative to the foot wall; caused by tension |
| reverse fault | fault between two blocks where the hanging wall will move up relative to the foot wall; caused by compression |
| thrust fault | special type of reverse fault formed when compression causes the hanging wall to slide over the foot wall |
| lateral fault | fault along which the blocks move horizontally past each other |
| fault-block mountains | mountains formed by blocks of rock uplifted by normal faults |
| rift valleys | valley formed when the block of land between two normal faults slides downward |
| fold | bend in a rock |
| anticline | upward fold in a rock |
| syncline | downward fold in a rock |
| plateau | large area of flat land that is raised high above sea level |
| dome | uplifted area created by rising magma |
| isostasy | balancing between the downward force of the crust and the upward force of the mantle |
