| A | B |
| verbal communication | use of language and words |
| nonverbal communication | methods used in addition to or as a substitute for language |
| communication process | sender-receiver model |
| listening skills | showing interest, being alert, keeping eye contact, etc |
| active listening skills | includes the following: restatement, reflection, clarification |
| communication patterns | Includes the following: chain of communication, wheel of communication, all-channel communication |
| giving directions | when possible write them down |
| taking directions | pay close attention, ask questions, take notes, follow through |
| Personal communication barriers | emotions and attitudes, preconceptions, self-absorption, resistance to change |
| cultural communication barriers | language, eye contact, health preactices & beliefs, & religion |
| physical communincation barriers | hearing, vision, speech, & mental challenges |
| environmental communication barriers | noise, time, activity, & physical arrangement & comfort |