| A | B |
|---|
| acropolis | fortified hill in ancient Greece cities; a temple rests on top |
| polis | city-state; gave the Greeks a sense of belonging |
| agora | an open marketplace located at the bottom of an acropolis |
| aristocrats | members of the wealthy upper class; nobles; Spartan males who were eligbile to serve in the army |
| helots | enslaved people who worked the land of Sparta; owned by the city-state |
| perioeci | merchants and artisans; neither free people nor enslaved |
| oligarchy | form of government in which a few people rule |
| constitution | a set of principles and rules for governing |
| democratic | favoring the equality of all people |
| triremes | Athenian warships which had three levels of rowers |
| Delian League | (defensive league) a protective group which all of the city-states (except Sparta) joined to unify themselves against Persia |
| mercenaries | Athenian hired soldiers who became part of the Persian army |
| oracles | people who were believed to have been able to speak with and receive messages from the gods |
| pancratium | ancient Olympic fighting event which was a combination of boxing and wrestling |
| pentathlon | ancient Olympic event which consisted of five events |
| philosophia | the love of wisdom; (philosophy) |
| Socratic Method | a form of questioning designed to make a person arrive step-by-step at a final conclusion or truth |
| Socrates | famous philosopher who taught his students to seek truth by questioning; sentenced to death for his beliefs |
| political science | the study of government |
| hypothesis | an educated guess or possible explanation |
| syllogism | a method of reasoning that uses three related statements |
| hostage | a person held by an enemy until certain promises are kept |
| phalanx | a solid body of foot soldiers that is 16 rows deep; invented by Phillip II |
| alliances | political partnerships |
| orator | public speaker |
| Alexander the Great | conqueror who founded 70 cities; 16 names Alexandria; created first lighthouse; established a library |
| Philip II of Macedonia | Father of Alexander the Great; conqueror who invented phalanx and strengthened army |
| Zeus | King of the gods; ruler of Mount Olympus; god of weather |
| Hera | Jealous wife of Zeus; protectress of married women |
| Aphrodite | Goddess of Love and Beauty |
| Poseidon | God of the Sea; gave horses to humankind |
| Artemis | Goddess of the Hunt; twin sister of Apollo |
| Apollo | God of Light and Music; twin brother of Artemis |
| Athena | Goddess of wisdom; patron goddess of Athens |
| Ares | God of War |
| Hephaestus | God of the Forge and Fire |
| Hermes | Messenger god; son of Zeus |
| prophecy | a message about the future given by an oracle |
