| A | B |
|---|
| Allah | God an Arabic word used mainly in Islam. |
| Muhammad | Born into rough childhood but later married wealthy businesswomen Had a vision of Gabriel. Preached the word of Allah. Became a great leader. |
| Islam | a monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in the seventh century. |
| Hijrah | Pilgrimage from Mecca to Yathrib for the religion of the Muslims. |
| Mosque | an Islamic place for worship. |
| Hajj | a pilgrimage to Mecca - preformed as a duty to the Muslims. |
| Qu | ran |
| Sunna | an Islamic model for living -based on the life and teachings of Muhammad. |
| Sunni | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first 4 caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad. |
| Shari’a | a body of law governing the lives of Muslims. |
| Caliph | a supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government. |
| Umayyads | A dynasty that ruled the Muslim empire from A.D. 661 to 750 and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus. |
| Shi’a | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad. |
| Sufi | a Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means. |
| Abbasids | a dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim empire from A.D. 750 to 1258 |
| Al-Andalus | a Muslim-ruled region and what are now Spain an established in 8th century A.D. |
| Fatmid | a member of a Muslim dynasty that traced its ancestry to Muhammad’s daughter - Fatima and built an empire in North Africa Arabia and Syria in the 10th to 12th centuries. |
| House of Wisdom | a center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s. |
| Calligraphy | the art of beautiful handwriting. |
| Justinian | the body of Roman civil law collected by Byzantine emperor. |
| Justinian Code | panel created the single unit uniformed code. |
| Hagia Sophia | means “Holy Wisdom” in Greek - The crowning glory of Justinian. |
| Patriarch | The leading bishop of the east. |
| Icon | religious images used by eastern Christianity to aid their devotions. |
| Excommunication | the pope ordered the Byzantine emperor to be an outcast form the church. |
| Cyrillic Alphabet | Slavic language including Russian are now written in this. |
| Vladimir | came to the throne in about 980 - Olga’s grandson. |
| Yaroslav the Wise | in 1019 Vladimir’s son Yaroslav came to the throne and lead Kiev to even greater glory. |
| Ivan III | reigned for 43 years and the Russian state would become a genuine empire during his reign. |
| Czar | the Russian version of Caesar – wanted to make Russia 3rd Rome. |
| Vizier | prime minister of the most famous Sultans. |
| Malik Shah | most famous Seljuk Sultan. |
