| A | B |
|---|
| social welfare | government programs to help certain groups of citizens |
| pogrom | violent mob attack against Jews |
| Francis Joseph | inherited the Hapsburg throne at age 18 |
| kaiser | title of William I of Germany |
| Duma | elected national legislature in Russia |
| zemstvo | local, elected assembly in Russia |
| Italian emigration | an important safety valve that relieved social tensions in Italy |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | leader of the "Red Shirts" |
| Ferenc Deak | helped create the Dual Monarchy |
| anarchist | a person who wants to abolish all government |
