| A | B |
|---|
| rock | made of mixtures of minerals and other materials |
| igneous | a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface |
| sedimentary | a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |
| metamorphic | a type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock that forms from lava on the Earth’s surface |
| clastic rock | sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure |
| organic rock | sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers |
| chemical rock | sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallized from a solution |
| non- foliated | term used to describe metamorphic rocks that do NOT have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| grains | the particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture |
| texture | the look and feel of a rock’s surface determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rock’s grains |
| basalt | a dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust |
| granite | a usually light colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or organisms |
| erosion | the destructive process in which water or wind loosens and carries away fragments of rock |
| deposition | the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it |
| compaction | the process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight |
| cementation | the process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and blue particles of sediment together into one mass |
| coral reef | a structure of calcite skeletons built up by coral animals in warm, shallow ocean water |
| foliated | term used to describe metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or band |
| rock cycle | a series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath the Earth’s surface |
