| A | B |
|---|
| Acid | pH below 7 (low); releases hydrogen ions in water |
| Acidosis | pH of a biological solution falls below normal |
| Adhesive | water's ability to cling to a surface |
| Alkalosis | pH of a biological solution rises above normal |
| Atom | smallest unit of matter; building blocks of elements |
| Atomic mass | weight of an atom; sum of protons and neutrons |
| Atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| ATP | nucleotide that is the energy molecule of the cell |
| Base | releases hydroxide ions in water; pH above 7; alkaline |
| Bonds | attractive fources that hold atoms together |
| Carbohydrate | most abundant macromolecule; used for energy source |
| Catalyst | substance which speeds up a reaction |
| Chemistry | science of the structure and interactions of matter |
| Cohesive | water molecules cling together; surface tension |
| Colloid | mixture of larger particles (proteins); 2 phases dispersed and continous (gel-sol) |
| Compound | substance that consists of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio (formula) |
| Covalent | type of bond in which electrons are shared |
| Dehydration | synthesis; joins simple molecules into larger ones by removing a water molecule |
| Denature | permanent change in the structure of a protein; no longer able to function |
| Disaccharide | double sugar; sucrose |
| DNA | carries genetic information |
| Electrolytes | salts that ionize in water |
| Electron | subatomic particle with negative charge found in orbits |
| Element | simpliest form of matter having unique chemical properties |
| Enzymes | organic catalysts; specific for each type of reaction |
| Formula | gives kinds and numbers of elements in compound |
| Functional groups | chemical groups added to carbon skeletons that give properties to organic compounds |
| Hydrogen | type of bond that holds molecules or parts of molecules together |
| Hydrolysis | breaks large molecules down into smaller ones by adding a water molecule; decomposition (degradation) |
| Hydrophilic | water loving; dissolves in water |
| Hydrophobic | water fearing; does not dissolve in water |
| Indicator | substance used to show whether a solution is acid or base |
| Inorganic | non-living |
| Ion | atom that has gained or lost electrons; a charged particle |
| Ionic | type of bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Isotope | atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons |
| Lipid | scientific name for fat |
| Macromolecules | very large biochemical substances |
| Mass | amount of matter in a substance |
| mixture | physical combination of substances |
| molecule | smallest part of element or compound |
| monomer | basic unit of macromolecules which are polymers |
| monosaccharide | single sugar molecule; glucose |
| neutralization | reaction between an acid and a base that produces a neutral salt |
| neutron | subatomic particle with no charge; is neutral |
| nonpolar | covalent bond with equal sharing of electrons |
| nucleic acid | polymers of nucleotides with very specific cell functions |
| nucleus | central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons |
| organic | living |
| organic molecules | substances that contain carbon and hydrogen (two words) |
| peptide bond | holds amino acids together (two words) |
| pH | indicates the acidity or alkalinity of a solution |
| phospholipid | special lipid that makes up the cell membrane |
| polar | covalent bond with unequal sharing of electrons |
| polymers | long chains of repeating monomers |
| polysaccharide | polymer of monosaccharides; starch |
| protein | polymer of amino acids |
| proton | subatomic particle with positive charge |
| radioisotope | unstable isotope; gives off radiation |
| RNA | single stranded nucleic acid |
| Salt | ionic compound; electrolytes; neutral |
| solution | mixture containing very small particles; transparent; solid dissolved in a liquid |
| solvent | substance |
| suspension | mixture of very large particles (larger than molecules); settles out |
| valence | outer shell of atom; determines bonding |
| water | universal solvent; 70 to 80% of cells |
| weight | force of gravity acting on a mass |
