| A | B |
|---|
| The most widely accepted classification system today includes | three domains and six kingdoms |
| Kingdom Protista - protists | single celled and simple multicellular organisms having nuclei |
| Kingdom Fungi - fungi | organisms with cell walls consisting of chitin |
| Kingdom Plantae – plants | complex multicellular organisms having tissues and organs |
| Kingdom Animalia – animals | complex multicellular organisms that must eat other organisms for nourishment |
| fertilization (syngamy | fusion of gametes to form a zygote, first diploid cell for a diploid organism |
| the three major types of life cycles | zygotic meiosis, gametic meiosis, and alternation of generations with sporic meiosis |
| zygotic meiosis | zygote immediately undergoes meiosis |
| gametic meiosis | meiosis produces gametes that never undergo mitosis |
| alternation of generations with sporic meiosis | zygote undergoes mitosis, making diploid individuals |
| mitosomes | Diplomonads modified mitochondria |
| hydrogenosomes | Parabasalids modified mitochondria |
| synapomorphy | mitochondria with distinctive disc-shaped cristae |
| Euglenozoa | largest group is the Discicristata phylum |
| facultative heterotrophs | photosynthetic forms that can switch to being heterotrophs if kept in the dark, and switch back to autotrophs if given enough light |
| zooxanthellae: symbionts | live in mutually beneficial relationship) in other organisms (jellyfish, sea anemones, mollusks, corals) |
| bioluminescent: | many planktonic dinoflagellates emit light when disturbed |
| red tides | population explosions (“blooms”) that can color the water with pigmented dinoflagellate cells; red tides kill marine life due to the high concentration of toxins from the dinoflagellates |
| saprobes | parasites (feed on dead organic matter |
| hyphae | Phylum Oomycota can form filamentous structures (threadlike cells) |
| plasmodium | a nonwalled, multinucleated mass |
| pseudopodia | false feet” (temporary, flowing extensions of cytoplasm |
| plankton | microscopic floating marine organisms |
| laminarin | a unique carbohydrate used for energy storage (similar to chrysolaminarin |
| carotenoid and xanthophyll | accessory pigments, giving them a golden color |
| chrysolaminarin | a unique carbohydrate used for energy storage (also made by golden algae) |
| zoospores | swimming mitospores are called |
| oospore | sexual via gametic meiosis; zygote becomes thick-walled |
| conjugation | two different mating types; partners exchange haploid micronuclei that can will then fuse to make diploid micronuclei |
| macronucleus | large nuclei |
| micronucleus | small nuclei |
