| A | B |
|---|
| vascular tissues | Vascular plants conducting tissues (xylem and phloem) called |
| xylem | conducts water and dissolved minerals upward |
| lignin | a highly branched polymer that makes cell wall more rigid) |
| phloem | transports carbohydrates in solution throughout plant (down and up) |
| seeds | when present) are highly resistant structures that increase ability of developing embryos to survive on land |
| coal | is incompletely decomposed, highly compressed, carbon-rich rock derived mainly from the bodies of ancient seedless vascular plants (a type of “fossil fuel”) |
| homosporous | only one spore type, so only one gametophyte type |
| called microphylls | Club mosses-their leaves are also called |
| heterosporous | plant makes two types of meiospores, resulting in two types of gametophytes |
| megaspore | larger of the two; grows via mitosis into the female gametophyte |
| microspore | smaller of the two; grows via mitosis into the male gametophyte |
| sporophylls | sporangia grow from specialized leaves called |
| strobilus | sporophylls are clustered in a cone-like |
| protonema | germinating spore divides by mitosis and forms multicellular |
| prothallus | protonema grows into mature gametophyte called |
| rhizome | underground stem |
| fronds | leaves |
| no true roots or leaves | – leaf-like enations and such sometimes present |
| forking green stems | (photosynthetic; true stems |
