| A | B |
|---|
| nucleus | command and control center |
| ribosomes | manufacture proteins and polypeptides |
| lysosomes | "suicide sacs" that digest old organelles and invaders |
| mitochondria | powerhouse that gives the cell energy |
| chloroplasts | use light, water, & carbon dioxide to make food |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | transports protein |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | transports lipids |
| plasma membrane | decides what comes into and goes out of the cell |
| cell wall | helps plant cells be rigid so plants can get tall |
| Golgi apparatus | packages, refines, and exports proteins |
| nucleolus | makes ribosomes |
| vacuole | stores water, food, or wastes |
| microtubules | skeleton of the cell |
| microfilaments | muscles of the cell |
| nuclear envelope | double membrane surrounding the nucleus |
| diffusion | random movement of molecules from high to low concentrations |
| facilitated diffusion | proteins in cell membrane help diffusion happen |
| active transport | movement of molecules against the concentration gradient |
| endocytosis | any movement of molecules or particles into the cell |
| exocytosis | any movement of molecules or particles out of the cell |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across cell membranes |
| hypertonic | less water outside the cell than inside |
| hypotonic | more water outside the cell than inside |
| isotonic | equal concentrations of water inside and outside of the cell |
| Hooke | observed "cells" for first time in cork slices |
| Leeuwenhoek | improved microscopes so cells could be observed |
| eukaryotic | cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| prokaryotic | primitive cells without nuclei and membrane bound organelles |
| selectively permeable membrane | allows some things to pass through but not others |
| cytoplasm | the cell stuff outside the nucleus |
| permeability | the extent to which molecules can go through a membrane |
| organelles | tiny organ like structures in a cell |
| cells | basic units of structure & function for living organisms |
| plastids | pigment containing organelles in plants |
| cell theory | All living things are made of cell, which are their structure & function, and come from other cells |
| phospholipid bilayer | a two layer "sandwich" of molecules that surround cells |
| hydrophobic | repels water |
| hydrophilic | attracted to water |
| passive transport | diffusion across a membrane with no energy expended by the cell |
| vesicle | small membrane bound sac functioning to move products into, out of, and within cells |
| ATP | the molecule cells use for most of their work |
| flagella | long, whip-like structures that help cells move |
| cilia | many short structures projecting from a cell that help it move |
