| A | B |
|---|
| Gentlemen's Agreement | a 1907-1908 agreement by the government of Japan to limit Japanese emigration to the US |
| Americanization Movement | education program designed to help immigrants assimilate to American culture |
| settlement houses | community centers providing assistance to residents- particularly immigrants in a slum neighborhood |
| Pendleton Civil Service Act | a law, enacted in 1883, that established a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointmrnts to government jobs by means of the merit system |
| nativism | favoring the interests of native-born people over foreign-born people |
| urbanization | the growth of cities |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | a law, enacted in 1882, that prohibited all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists and government officials from entering the United States |
| melting pot | a mixture of people from different cultures and races who blend together by abandoning their native languages and cultures |
| Social Gospel Movement | 19th century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty |
| patronage | an officeholder's power to appoint people to positions in government, usually those who have helped him or her get elected |
| graft | the illegal use of political influence for personal gain |
| political machine | an orgainized group that controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and businesses in exchange for ploitical and financial support |
| Grover Cleveland | Democratic president elected in 1884 who tried to lower tariff rates but Congress refused to support him |
| Angel Island | immigration processing center on the West Coast that processed primarily Chinese |
| Ellis Island | immigration processing center on the East Coast that was the chief immigration center in teh US from 1892-1924 |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | Republican president elected in 1876 who could not convince Congress to support civil service reform but made changes in other ways such as setting up a commission to investigate corruption |
| Boss Tweed | the head of Tammany Hall, New York cities pwerful Democratic political machine who were corrupt politions |
