| A | B |
|---|
| Australian ballot | secret ballot. Required government to print ballots. |
| Bull Moosers | Followers of Teddy Roosevelt during 1912 election |
| city manager | elected city commissio sets policies, day to day tasks carried out by hired executive |
| conservationist movement | managing the environment to esure nation's resources were put to efficient use for economic development |
| direct primary | voters instead of party bosses choose party candidates for office |
| gas and water socialists | term used to describe evolutionary socialists who were interested i improving city life and government |
| initiative | a process that allows reformers to put measure before voters even though state legislatures had not yet approved them |
| insurgent | one who rebels against party leadership |
| muckrakers | writers who wrote about scandalous situations and distatesful alliances involving money |
| New Freedom | Wilsonian philosophy that called for a temporary concentration of government power to dismantle the trusts |
| New Nationalism | Roosevelt's far reaching program that called for a strong feeral government to stablize the economy |
| Old Guard | Conservative group within the Republican Party, led by Senator Nelson Aldrich |
| personal registration laws | laws passed by nearly every state between 1890 and 1920, requiring prospective voters to appear at a designated government ofice with proper identification in order to register before being allowed to vote |
| realism | a philosophy that prized detachment, objectivity, and skepticism. |
| recall | a political device that allowed voters to remove from office any public servant who had betrayed their trust |
| referendum | a political device that gave voter the right to repeal an unpopular act that a state legislature had passed. |
| settlement houses | centers established by middle-class reformers in urban slums to help the largely immigrant poor cope with the harsh conditions of city life |
| socialism | a political theory that in the early twentieth century stood for the transfer of control from a few industrialists to the laboring masses. |
