| A | B |
|---|
| desertification | the changing of fertile land into desert |
| delta | a triangle-shaped area at the mouth of a river |
| The Nile River | "the giver of life" |
| silt | fine bits of rock and soil |
| predict | to tell ahead of time |
| cataract | a waterfall |
| dynasty | series of rulers from the same family |
| pharaoh | an Egyptian king |
| edicts | commands |
| hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing |
| papyrus | a paper-like material made from reeds |
| pyramid | a burial place for the dead |
| mummy | preserved body |
| peasants | people who farmed the land |
| Rosetta Stone | unlocked the key to hieroglyphic writing |
| Queen Hatshepsut | famous female Egyptian Pharaoh |
| obelisk | a large stone pillar that is pointed on top |
| annex | to take over |
| independence | complete freedom |
| trading network | groups of buyers and sellers |
| nobles | people from rich and powerful families |
| Khufu | most famous pharaoh from the Old Kingdom |
| afterlife | life after death |
| elite | people of wealth and power |
| Old Kingdom | period in Egyptian history that lasted from 2700-2200 BC |
| Middle Kingdom | a period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC |
| New Kingdom | period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory |
| trade route | paths followed by traders |
| sphinxes | imaginary creatures with bodies of lions and heads of humans |
| King Tut | youngest boy king |
| Kush and Nubia | Lands south of Egypt |
| merchants | traders |
| exports | items sent out to other regions |
| imports | goods brought in from other regions |
