| A | B |
|---|
| phenotype | the physical or seen trait in a gene pair |
| genotype | the actual genetic makeup of a gene pair |
| allele | one of two traits that make up a gene pair |
| dominant traits | a trait that only needs one to be expressed, masks all other traits |
| recessive traits | needs two recessive allelels in order to be expressed |
| Gregor Mendel | the scienctist that discoverd genetics, known as the "father of genetics" |
| Punnett Squares | the square used to determine the probablity of outcomes of two genes |
| trait | characteristics of an organism |
| genetics | the study of heredity |
| genes | the basic units of heredity |
| purebred | when both alleles are the same for a gene |
| hybrid | when the alleles are different of a gene pair |
| chromosome | rod-shaped cell structure that directs the activities of cell and passes on the traits |
| meiosis | cell division of the sex cells |
| X chromosome | on the the sex chromosomes, all humans have one X chromosome, those with two are female |
| Y chromosome | one of the sex chromosome, those with an XY pair are male |
| mutation | change in genes or chromosomes that causes a new trait to be inherited |
| gamete | a matured sex cell capable of uniting with another of like origin to form a new plant or animal |
| DNA | (deoxribonucleic acid) nucleic acid that stores the information needed to build proteins and carries genetic information about an organism |
| sex linked traits | characteristics passed from parent to child on a sex chromosome |
| pedigree | a chart of the genetic history of a family |
| carrier | a hybrid carrying on recessive gene for a trait |
