| A | B |
|---|
| micturition | emptying of bladder |
| renal cortex | outer part of kidney |
| renal medulla | striped inner part of kidney |
| pyramids | collecting tubes in medulla |
| papilla | tip of a pyramid |
| calyx | cup-like extension of renal pelvis |
| renal pelvis | area of kidney that collects urine from medulla and drains into ureter |
| renin | secreted by kidney and helps to maintain an adequate BP |
| erythropoetin | secreted by kidney and stimulates red bone marrow to increase RBC production |
| glomerulus | network of capillaries in nephron where filtration occurs |
| Bowman's capsule | surrounds glomerulus and receives the filtrate |
| afferent arteriole | carries blood to glomerulus |
| efferent arteriole | carries blood from glomerulus |
| peritubular capillaries | blood vessels that surround the tubules where reabsorption and secretion occur |
| rugae | folds of mucus membrane lining when bladder is empty |
| filtration | water and dissolved materials forced out of glomerulus by increased BP |
| reabsorption | movement of substances out of renal tubules into blood of peritubular capillaries |
| secretion | movement of substances from blood in peritubular capillaries into filtrate in distal and collecting tubules |
| ureter | tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder |
| urethra | tube that carries urine from bladder to the exterior |
| nitrogenous wastes | results from metabolism of proteins and is eliminated from body by urinary system |
| specific gravity | weight of dissolved material in a fluid |
| nephron | microscopic structure in the kidney where the main functions occur |
| internal urethral sphincter | smooth muscle (involuntary) located where bladder and urethra connect |
| external urethral sphincter | striated muscle (voluntary) that circles the urethra just below the bladder |
| bladder | reservoir for urine |
