| A | B |
|---|
| uniform motion | motion at a constant speed in a straight line |
| frame of reference | stationary background used to determine motion, most common being the Earth |
| constant speed | speed does not change |
| average speed | total distance covered by the amount of time, speed can change |
| instantaneous speed | speedometer reading |
| acceleration | the change in the speed in a given amount of time, the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2 |
| force | push or pull on an object, Examples: gravity, friction |
| Newton's 1st Law - Law of Inertia | an object at rest stays at rest, and object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a forces |
| Newton's 2nd Law | F= m *a, acceleration of an object depends on the force and the objects mass |
| Newton's 3rd Law | "Action Reaction Law" - for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| work | orce applied over a distance W=Fd, the units for work is Joules |
| power | the rate of doing work P-w/t, the units are watts. |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion, dependent on mass and speed |
| potential energy | energy due to position |
| P.E. | mass X gravity acceleration X height or mgh, the units are Joules g=9.8 m/s2 |
| Law of Conversation of Energy | energy is never lost or created just changes forms |
| pendulum | an example of energy being converted from potential to kinetic energy and then back to potential and so forth |
| heat | the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules that make up a substance (calories or joules) |
| temperature | measure of the kinetic energy associated with the molecules - measured in celsius, fahrenheit, or kelvin |
| specific heat | the ability of a substance to absorb heat, unique to every type of substance, determined by its chemical structure |
