| A | B |
|---|
| Subcutaneous tissue | loose connective and fatty tissue under the dermis that connects skin to muscles |
| Integument | body shell - whole system |
| epidermis | outer layer of skin that contains dead cells and no blood vessels |
| dermis | layer of skin under the epidermis that contains blood vessels, nerve fibers,and glands |
| Sudoriferous glands | sweat glands |
| sebaceous glands | oil glands |
| pallor | less color than normal in the skin |
| lesions | injuries or disease that cause changes in skin structures |
| vesicles | raised spots filled with watery fluid, such as a blister |
| crusts | areas of dried body secretions such as scabs |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | vascular malignant lesions that begin as purple nodules or plaques on the face or oral cavity; occurs most often in men and immunocompromised people |
| allergies | sensitivity reactions to a specific material |
| allergen | material causing allergic sensitivity |
| pediculosis | lice |
| abrasion | scrape |
| scabies | parasitic disease of the skin that causes a rash and severe itching |
| contusion | mechanical injury to the skin often caused by a blow resulting in hemorrage beneath the unbroken skin; blunt trauma |
| ecchymosis | bruising |
| hematoma | localized area of blood that is confined to one area. |
| senile purpura | dark purple bruises on the forearms and backs of hands common in the elderly |
| malodorous | having a bad or foul odor |
| adip/o | fat |
| albin/o | white |
| caus/o | burn, burning |
| cauter/o | heat, burn |
| cutane/o | skin |
| derm/o | skin |
| dermat/o | skin |
| diaphor/o | profuse sweating |
| erythem/o | redness |
| erythemat/o | redness |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| ichthy/ | oscaly, dry |
| kerat/o | hard, horny tissue |
| leuk/o | white |
| lip/o | fat |
| steat/o | fat |
| melan/o | black |
| myc/o | fungus |
| onych/o | nail |
| ungu/o | nail |
| phyt/o | plant |
| pil/o | hair, hair follicle |
| py/o | pus |
| rhythid/o | wrinkle |
| seb/o | sebum |
| squam/o | scale-like |
| trich/o | hair |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| xer/o | dry |
| epidermis | outermost, thin cellular membrane |
| dermis | one layer deep from the epidermis; dense fibrous, connective tissue |
| subcutaneous tissue | (hypodermis) thick, fat-containing tissue |
| hair | (trich/o) cells filled with the hard protein; keratin |
| nails | hard keratin plates covering toes and fingers |
| alopecia | absence of hair where it normally grows |
| hypertrichosis | is an excessive growth of hair |
| hirsutism | presence of excessive body & facial hair in women usually occuring in a male pattern |
| ecchymosis | blue-black marks on the skin |
| petechia | small pinpoint hemorrhage |
| urticaria | acute allergic reaction with red, round wheals on skin |
| acne | papular and pustular eruption of skin with increased production of sebum |
| burns | injury to tissue due to heat, chemical, electric shock, lightning or radiation. |
| cellulitis | diffuse acute infection of skin |
| eczema | inflammation of skin with erythematous and papulovesicular lesions caused by allergy |
| exanthematous viral diseases | rash due to virus (e.g. rubella) |
| gangrene | death of tissue with loss of blood supply |
| impetigo | contagious pyodermacaused by staph or strep |
| psoriasis | chronic recurrent dermatosis with silver gray scales that itch |
| scabies | parasitic (tiny mites) and infectious pruritus |
| systemic lupus erythematosus | (SLE) inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs |
| tinea | infection of the skin caused by fungus |
| tinea corporis | ringworm of the body |
| tinea unguium | fungal infection of the nails (especially toenails) |
| vitiligo | loss of pigment in areas of skin |
| callus | an area of skin that is thick or hard from continual pressure or friction (as the sole of the foot) |
| keloid | overgrowth of scar tissue caused by excessive collagen formation |
| keratosis | thickened area of epidermis |
| nevus/ nevi | accumulation of melanocytes which creates macule or papule |
| verruca vulgaris | warts caused by virus |
| squamous cell carcinoma | malignant tumor of the squamous epithelium; metastisizes much more often than basal cell carcinoma |
| basal cell carcinoma | most common skin cancer; starts as an ulcerated nodule which crusts and bleeds as it advances |
| The ABCDs of malignant melanoma | Asymmetry; Border, irregular or circumscribed; Color variation; Diameter, usually larger than 6mmC |
| bacterial analyses | pus or fluid samples examined to detect microorganisms |
| cryosurgery | destroy tissue with subzero temperatures using liquid nitrogen |
| curettage | scrape lesion with sharp curet |
| Tinea | “ringworm” – a misnomer for a fungal infection of the skin |
| Tinea capitis | Ringworm of the scalp |
| Tinea corporis | Ringworm of the body, affecting non-hairy parts of the body |
| Tinea cruris | Ringworm of the groin; jock itch |
| Tinea pedis | Ringworm of the feet; athlete’s foot |
| pustule | a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus |
| wheal | a raised mark on the skin (as produced by the blow of a whip) |
| cyst | a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure (especially one containing fluid) |
| vesicle | clear fluid, blister |
| crust (scab) | the crustlike surface of a healing skin lesion |
| macule | solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm. examples: freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever |
| papule | something you can feel (i.e., solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm diameter) caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis. ex: elevated nevus (mole), lichen planus, mossuscum, wart (verruca) |
| patch | macules that are larger than 1 cm. examples:mongolian spot, vitiligo, cafe au lait spot, chloasma, measles rash |
| plaque | papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm. A plateaulike, disk-shaped lesion. ex: psoriasis, lichen planus |
| nodule | solid, elevated hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend deeper into dermis than papule. ex: xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi |
| wheal | superficial, raised, transiet, and erythematous; slightly irregular shape due to edema (fluid in the tissue) ex: mosquito bite, allergic reaction, dermographism |
| tumor | larger than a few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis; may be benign or malignant, although "tumor" implies "cancer" to most people. ex: lipoma, hemangioma |
| cyst | encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin. ex: sebaceous cyst, wen. |
| vesicle | elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm; a "blister". Clear serum flows if wall is ruptured. Ex: herpes simplex, early varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis. |
| pustule | turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity. circumscribed and elevated. Ex: impetigo, acne |
| crust | the thickened, dried-out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up. Color can be red-brown, honey, or yellow, depending on the fluid's ingredients (blood, serum, pus). ex: impetigo (dry, honey colored), weeping eczematous dermatitis, scab after abrasion. |
| Scales | compact, desiccated flakes of skin, dry or greasy, silvery or white, from shedding of dead excess keratin cells. ex: after scarlet fever or drug reaction (laminated sheets), psoriasis (silver, micalike), seborrheic dermatitis (yellow, greasy), eczema, ichthyosis (large, adherent, laminated), dry skin. |
| fissure | linear crack with abrupt edges, extends into dermis, dry or moist. ex: cheilosis- at corners of mouth due to excess moisture; athlete's foot |
| erosion | scooped out but shallow depression. superficial; epidermis lost; most but no bleeding; heals without scar because it does not extend into dermis |
| ulcer | deeper depression extending into dermis, irregular shape; may bleed; leaves scar when heals. ex: stasis ulcer, pressure sore, chancre |
| excoriation | self inflicted abrasion; superficial; sometimes crusted; scratches from intense itching. ex: insect bites, scabies, dermatitis, varicella |
| scar | after a skin lesion is repaired, normal tissue is lost and replaced with connective tissue (collagen). This is a permanent fibrotic change. ex: healed area of surgery or injury, acne. |
| atrophic scar | resultiong skin level depressed with loss of tissue; a thinning or the epidermis. ex: striae |
| lichenification | prolonged intense scratching eventually thickens the skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules; looks like surface of moss (or lichen). |
| keloid | a hypertrophic scar. The resulting skin level is elevated by excess scar tissue, which is invasive beyond the site of original inury. May increase long after healing occurs. looks smooth, rubbery, "clawlike," and has a higher incidence among blacks. |
| fulguration/electrodessication | burning away tissue |
| escharotomy | removal of necrotic, burned tissue |
| rosacea | skin disease where the middle face is abnormally red |
| telangiectasia | permanent dilation of superficial capillaries associated with rosacea, elevated estrogen, and actinic damage |
| paronychia | inflammation of fold skin around a fingernail; runaround |
| nail body | visible part of the nail |
| cuticle | fold of skin that covers the root of finger and toe nails |
| bulla | large blister |
| pilonidal cyst | closed sac below lumbar region of back, often noted as dimple in infants |
| herpes zoster | shingles; painful vesicular eruptions that follow nerve pathways of spinal or cranial nerves |
| unguent | ointment; salve; UNG in abbreviation |
