| A | B |
|---|
| latifundia | large farming estates in ancient Rome |
| Julius Caesar | A rich, powerful Roman general who seized control of the Republic in 44 B.C. |
| Triumvirate | A political alliance of three people |
| Rubicon | A small river in the north of Italy; was the southern border of Caesar’s area of command |
| Octavian | Caesar’s grandnephew that inherited his wealth; formed Second Triumvirate with Antony and Lepidus |
| Battle of Actium | here Octavian crushed the army and navy of Cleopatra |
| Cicero | A political leader, writer, and one of Rome’s greatest public speakers; argued against dictators and called for a representative government with limited powers |
| Augustus | “The revered or majestic one”; Octavian took this name/title |
| Pax Romana | "Roman Peace" |
| Caligula and Nero | Came from Augustus’ family; called the Julio-Claudian emperors; both proved to be especially cruel and irresponsible |
| Hadrian | One of the five “Good Emperors,” presided over 100+ years of prosperity; made the Roman laws easier to understand |
| Aqueduct | Human-made channel to carry water long distances |
| Rhine & Danube Rivers | During Hadrian’s reign these rivers established the Empire’s eastern border |
| Puteoli | Large port on the Bay of Naples |
| Ostia | Large port at the mouth of the Tiber |
| currency | System of money that used coins throughout the region |
