| A | B |
|---|
| potential energy | energy stored in an object due to its position |
| kinetic energy | energy an object has due to its mass and motion |
| elastic potential energy | potential energy stored in a rubber band or spring |
| gravitational potential energy | potential energy an object has due to its elevated position |
| 1st law of thermodynamics states | Energy cannot be created or destroyed (it can change forms) |
| 2nd law of thermodynamics | any time energy changes from one form to another, some of the energy changes into heat |
| the equation for kinetic enery | 1/2 Mass X speed squared |
| acceleration due to gravity | 9.8 m/sec2 |
| perpetual motion | a machine that makes as much energy as it uses |
| heat energy | internal motion of atoms |
| mechanical energy | energy associated with motion |
| chemical energy | energy that is required to bond atoms together |
| electromagnetic energy | moving electric charges that have the ability to do work |
| nuclear energy | the nucleaus, or center of an atom, is the source for this type of energy |
| heat | the measure of the total kinetic energy of the random motion of atoms and molecules of a substance |
| temperature | the measure of the average kinetic energy of the moving atoms and molecules of a substance |
| thermal expansion | a physical change that occurs when the volume of a substance increases as the temperature increases |
| conduction | the transfer of heat energy from one substance to another by direct contact |
| conductors | a material that readily allows the transfer of heat or flow of electric current |
| convection | the transfer of heat in liquids and gases as groups of molecules move in currents |
| insulators | a material that is a poor conductor of heat or electric current |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| calorie | unit used to express measurement of heat energy |
| specific heat | rate at which a substance absorbs heat energy |
| 1.00 cal/gC | water's specific heat |
| "waste heat" | heat energy that cannot be used to do work |
| energy conversions | changes in the forms of energy |
