| A | B |
|---|
| Old Regime | The political and social system that existed in France beforre the French Revolution |
| Estate | one of the three social classes in France before the French Revolution-The first Estate consisting of Clergy: the second Estate, of the nobility; and The Third, of the rest of the population |
| Louis XVI | King of France who spent a exstravagant amount of money that sank france's government into debt. |
| Marie Antoinette | Queen of France and wife of Louis XVI |
| Estates-General | an assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France |
| National Assembly | a French congress established by representatives of the Third EEstate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people. |
| Tennis Court Oath | a pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution. |
| Great Fear | a wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789. |
| Legislative Assembly | A French congress with the power to create laws and approve declarations of war, established by the constitution of 1791. |
| Emigre | people who leave their native country for political reasons, like the nobles and others who fled France during the peasant uprisings of the French Revolution. |
| Sans-Culotte | in the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wageearners and small shop keepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end to food shortages. |
| Jacobin | radical political organizations. |
| Guillotine | a machine for beheading people, used as means of execution during the French Revolution. |
| Maximilien Robespierre | a Jacobin leader who slowly gained power and eventually became a dictator |
| Reign of Terror | the period, from mid-1793 to mid 1794, when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | one of the world's greatest military geniuses, who went from a young officer to emperor of France. |
| Coup d'etat | a sudden seizure of political power in a nation. |
| Plebiscite | a direct vote in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal |
| lycee | a government-run public school in France. |
| Concordat | a formal agreement especially one between the pope and a government, dealing with the control of Church affairs. |
| Napoleonic Code | a Comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon |
| Battle of Trafalgar | 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson. |
| Blockade | the use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region |
| Continental System | Napoleon's policy of preventing trade betweenGreat Britain and Continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy |
| Guerrilla | a member of a loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occupying his or her country. |
| Peninsular War | a conflict, lasting from 1808 to 1813, in which Spanish rebels, with the aid of British forces, fought to drive Napoleon's French troops out of Spain. |
| Scortched Earth Policy | the practiceof burning crops and killing live stock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land. |
| Waterloo | a village of belgium. |
| Hundred Days | the brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, desposing the French king and again becoming emperor of France. |
| Congress of Vienna | a series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to established long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon. |
| Klemens von Matternich | A foriegn minister and Prince of Austria. |
| Balance of Power | a political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others. |
| Legitamacy | the hereditary right of a monarch to rule. |
| Holy Alliance | a league of Europeans nations formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria, and Prussia after the Congress of Vienna. |
| Concert of Europe | a series of allaincesamong European nations to the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions. |
