| A | B |
|---|
| mixture | a combination of substances in which the individual substances do not change or combine chemically but instead retain their own individual properties |
| organic compound | compounds that always contain hydrogen and carbon; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are examples |
| enzyme | a type of protein that regulates nearly all chemical reactions in cells; speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or used up itself |
| inorganic compound | compounds such as water that are made from elements other than carbon and whose atoms usually can be arranged in only one structure |
| passive transport | movement of substances through a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy; includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion |
| diffusion | a type of passive transport in cells in which molecules move from areas where there are more of them to areas where there are fewer of them |
| osmosis | type of passive transport that occurs when water diffuses through a cell membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | type of passive transport in which large molecules are moved through the cell membrane using transport proteins |
| active transport | movement of materials through a cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy |
| endocytosis | type of active transport in which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane |
| exocytosis | type of active transport by which materials are released to the outside of a cell |
| metabolism | total of all chemical reactions in an organism |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and other prpoducers use light energy to produce a simple sugar from carbon dioxide and water and release oxygen as a waste product |
| cellular respiration | process during which chemical reactions occur that break down food molecules into simpler substances and release their stored energy |
| fermentation | process by which oxygen-lacking cells and some single-celled organisms release small amounts of energy from glucose molecules and produce waste products such as alcohol, cargon dioxide, and lactic acid |
| equilibrium | occurs when molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance |
