| A | B |
|---|
| Bismarck | Prussian prime minister appointed in 1862, known as the "Iron Chancellor," who created a united German Empire |
| Garibaldi | Italian nationalist who liberated Sicily and southern Italy from foreign control |
| Alsace-Lorraine | Border province added to the German Confederation by the Franco-Prussian War |
| Kaiser | The German word for "emperor" |
| Rome | In 1871, the city that became the national capital of a United Italy |
| Vatican City | Site of the pope's palace in Italy |
| Cavour | Italian nationalist and statesman, publisher of the newspaper called Il Risorgimento (the Resurgence), which eventually gave its name to the movement for Italian unity |
| Austria | Country that was forced to withdraw from the German Confederation during the Seven Weeks' War in 1866 |
| Realpolitik | The German term meaning "the politics of reality," used during the late 1800's to describe a tough, calculated brand of politics in which idealism played no part |
| Wilhelm I | Prussian king who was crowned the first emperor of a newly formed German empire in 1871 |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Border province added to the German Confederation during the war between Prussia and Denmark in 1864 |
| Junkers | Members of the Prussian nobility, who held most government and military powers and dominated Prussian parliament |
| Victor Emmanuel I | The first king of a unified Italy, 1861-1878 |
| Vienna | Austria's capital, an important cultural center for German music, art, and literature during the 1800's |
| Versailles | French palace where Wilhelm I of Prussia was crowned emperor of a newly formed German empire on January 18, 1871 |
| Redshirts | Italian nationalists led by Garibaldi |
| Reich | German word for "empire" |
| Venetia | Austrian territory lost to Italy during the Seven Weeks War |
| Prussia | The most industrial of the German states and whose army was by far the most powerful in central Europe |
| Impressionism | Artistic movement the was a reaction to Realism and depicted life at a glance |
| Romanticism | Artistic movement that contained "sturm un drang" and showed the power of nature and nationalism |
| Realism | A reaction to the Romantic Movement, this art style wanted to show life as it truly was |
| Daguerreotype | Part of the Realist movement, this is one of the earliest forms of photography |
