| A | B |
|---|
| big bang theory | matter in the universe started out very conpact and ... |
| George Lemaitre | 1927 wrote down big bang theory |
| How old is the universe? | 14.5 billon years old |
| light moving away | red shift |
| light moving towards | blue shift |
| How old is the earth? | 4.5 billion years |
| Biogenisis | life comes from life |
| Spontanious generation | life comes form inannimate things or just appeared |
| What did Pasture disprove? | the theory of spontaneous generation |
| Oparin's Hypothesis | in the "primordial soup" (ocean) NH3, CH4, H2, H2O, were present, give them an energy source, heat, and UV radiation and molecules rearange to make organic materials |
| Miller-Urey experiment | tested Oparin's theory; created amino acids which are in protiens |
| coacervates | agregates (groups of droplets) of different compounds |
| microsphere | agregates of the same compounds |
| Coacervates and microspheres have 3 characteristics of cells. | 1. can grow 2. surrounded with membranes 3. can do simple chemical reactions |
| Heterotroph Hypothesis | the first cells were anerobic (they used fermentation;put CO2 into air), prokariatic, heterotrophic; some cells became autotrophic (put O2 in the air) *Tries to supply a reason for why there is O2. |
| Margulis' Endosymiatic Hypothesis of Eukariotic | eukariotic cells came about because prokariotic cells started living together |
| fossils | formed through formation of sedimentary rock pressure |
| What are the layers in the sedimentary rocks called? | strata |
| imprint | soft body, organic in nature, ex. leaf lays down leaves a carbon film ...not common |
| mold/cast | impression/fill in the impression |
| petrification | happens as a result of mineralization organic molecules replaced with minerals |
| amber | trapped in sap with pressure |
| relative dating | determining age by where it is in the rock |
| absolute dating | within an era range use radioactive isotopes |
| half life | amount of time it takes for when you die the ratio's change |
| the oldest known fossil | cyanobacteria prokariotic 3.5 billion years old |
| precambrian | oldest, longest,first cells evolved |
| palezoic | fish and anphibians, first invertibretes |
| mezosoic | age of dinosaurs, mammals, birds, flowering plants |
| cenazoic | age of mammals, quaternary period (present) |
| comparitive biochemistry | annalizing molecules of DNA and protiens |
| homologus structure | same structure/different function (more common ancestry) |
| analogus structures | different structure/same function (ruling out common ancestry) |
| vestigial structure | may have had a function along time ago |
| embyology | embryos look alot alike compairing embryo developement the longer they stay the same |
| Lamark | first theory of evolution: -use and disuse -inheritance of aquired trait (only thing you can pass on is genetics) |
| Weissman | dissproved Lamarks theory by cutting of mice tails |
| Darwin's influences | Lyell (geological) and Malthus (competition) |
| variation | variety of species sources DNA some variations are better sutied to environment |
| overpopulation | tendancy to set up competitiondue to variations |
| Natural selection | differencial reproduction success (best genes win!!) |
| stabilizing selection | favors average not to big not too small (for middle againdt extreme) |
| directional selection | favoring one extreme over time average gets longer |
| disruptive selection | favors both extreme against middle (either extreme) |
| sexual selection (variation) | mating preferances females selects best male |
| adaptation | genetic trait that makes it better suited to survive (peppered moth example) |
| divergent | 2 different species have a common ancester; geographic isolation |
| adaptive radiation | get many different foriegn species moved isolated area have adapt; Drwin's finches |
| convergent | 2 or more species become similar b/c of environmental pressure |
| mimicry | monarch-viceroy |
| coevolution | see one is closely dependant on another species (evolving together) |
| morphological concept | place certian orgonisms into groups due t physical strctures |
| biological (reproductive) concept | is 2 differnt species can produce fertile offspring |
| gene pool | all allelesin all genes in a popultion |
| allele frequncy | percent of allele in a population |
| Hard-Weiberg law of genetic equilibrium | no mutations, no gene flow (migration), no selection, no genetc drift, random mating (Theoretical model) |
| geographic isolation | most common way to go fro one species to another |
| reproductive isolation | be reproductive w/o geographic isolation |
| microevolution (gradualism) | small changes accumulating gradually over time |
| macroevolution (punctuated equilibrium) | milons of years through strata; rapid presentation of new fossils follwed by long period of time |
| primate characteristics | opposible thumb, largest brain in proportion to body size, color 3-D vision (steriotipic), upright stance, joint modification |
| purgatorius | oldest known fossil |
| prosmians | before primates, least advance, (ex. leamer) |
| anthroploids | new world monkeys, apes &people |
| hominid | "man-like"; walk on two feet bi-pedal, feramin magnim (hole connecting spine to brain), back bone |
| hominid evolution | Australopithecenes, Homo, Cro-Magnon Man |
| H. habilis | uses tools |
| H. erectus | upright man, fire, good hunter |
| H. sapiens | "wise man", related to H. erctus, out of africa, current species |
| Neanderthal man | may have had a primitive form of religion (buried dead)an archeic form of H. sapiens, fits stereotype of caveman (shown violence toward other men |
| Cro-Magnon Man | modern man, cave paintings , brain capacity, closest human ancester |
| agricultural revolution | most ppl were nomads, when figured out how toplan seeds, setteled down, had free time = babies |
