| A | B |
|---|
| Epiphysis | The end of a long bone; largely cancellous and capped with articular carilage |
| Epiphyseal Line | A variably-sized cartilage plate that separates the diaphysis from the epiphyses for about the first 20 years of life. Bone developement occurs in the epiphysis and the diaphysis and slowly advances toward the intervening cartilage from both ends. Progressively things and ultimately disappears (end of bone growth). |
| Diaphysis | The shaft of a long bone. Consists of compact bone with a central cavity. Resists bending forces. |
| Articular Cartilage | Cartilage covering joint ends |
| Periosteum | A fibrous, cellular, vascular, and highly sensitive life support sheath for bone, providing nutrient blood for bone cells and a source of bone developing cells during growth and after fracture. |
| Cancellous (Spongy) Bone | Bone that has irregular interconnecting spaces, "air holes". Resists stresses of weight and postural changes and muscular development. |
| Red Marrow | Packs the spaces in the spongy bone. Consists of masses of developing and mature red/white blood cells supported by an array of loose, fine fibers. |
| Compact Bone | The dense bone of the diaphysis. Consists of repeating patterns of solid bone tissue organized into concentric layers. |
| Medullary Cavity | Cavity within the diaphysis which serves to lighten bone weight and provide space for its marrow. Filled with yellow bone marrow. |
| Yellow Marrow | The marrow of the shaft. Consists of fat and yellowish in nature. |
| Osteon (Haversian System) | The structureal unit of combact bone, also called a Haversian system. Essentially long cylinders of bone; the hollow center is called the central canal, and is where blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels are found. Compact bone is laid down around the central canal in rings (lamellae). |
| Trabeculae | An irregular meshing of small bony plates that makes up spongy bone; spaces are filled with red marrow |
| Osteocyte | Mature bone cell |
| Lacuna | A small, hollow space in cartilage or bone tissue in which living cells are found |
| Osteoblast | Bone builder cells |
| Osteoclast | Bone destroyer cells |
| condyle | rounded process that usually articulates with another bone |
| crest | narrow ridgelike projection |
| facet | small, nearly flat surface |
| fissure | cleft or groove |
| fontanel | soft spot in the skull where membranes cover the space between bones - think baby skulls |
| foramen | opening through a bone that usually serves as a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments |
| fossa | relatively deep pit or depression |
| process | prominent projection on a bone |
| sinus | cavity within a bone |
| suture | interlocking line of union between bones |
| trochanter | relatively large process |
| tubercle | small, knoblike process |
| tuberosity | knoblike process usually larger than a tubercle |
| suture | immovable joint in the cranium |
| invertebral discs | pads of flexible fibrocartilage that cushion between vertebrae |
| vertebral foramen | canal through which spinal cord passes |
| true ribs | first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum |
| false ribs | last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum |
| floating ribs | last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum |
| carpal bones | bones of the wrist |
| metacarpals | bones of the palm |
| ilia | large, flaring bone portion of hip bones |
| ischium | most inferior part of hip bone; the "sit down" bone |
| femur | thigh bone |
| tibia | shinbone |
| calcaneus | heelbone |
| talus | ankle |
| metatarsals | sole of the foot |
| Frontal Bone | Bone that makes the forehead |
| Parietal Bone | Bones that cover the majority of the skull; separated by the sagittal suture |
| Temporal Bone | Bones that cover the sides of the head, near the ear |
| Occipital Bone | Bone that makes the base of the skull |
| Lacrimal Bone | Bones that are associated with the tear ducts of the eye |
| Foramen Magnum (Magnum Foramen) | Large opening at the base of the skull on the Occipital Bone, through which the spinal cord exits |
| Nasal Bone | Bone of the bridge of the nose |
| Zygomatic Bone | Cheek bone |
| Maxilla (Maxillary Bone) | Facial bone; upper lip |
| Mandible | Jaw bone |
| Mental Foramen | Small openings in the jaw bone through which blood vessels/nerves exit |
| Coranoid Process | Triangular-shaped structure that projects off of the front part of the mandible |
| External Auditory Meatus | Ear canal of the Temporal Bone |
| Styloid Process | Small, pencil-like shaped projection that comes off of the bottom of the Temporal Bone |
| Mastoid Process | Large triangular-shaped projection that acomes off of the base of the Temporal Bone; posterior to the Styloid Process |
